American Revolution, 47, 84; debt paid, 99. American System, Clay's, 67, 74, 109; to be carried out, 114; laid aside, 145. Anderson, Major Robert, commanding at Fort Sumter, 273. Andrew, Governor, of Massachusetts, supports Lincoln, 322. Antietam, battle of, 302. Appomattox, Lee surrenders at, 327. Arkansas, in cotton belt, 12; for Van Buren, 111; for Pacific Railroad, 233; secession of, 275. Art, American, in 1860, 225. Ashburton, Lord, Minister to United States, 123; Webster-Ashburton Treaty, 123, 124, 125. Astor, John Jacob, fur trade, 35. Atchison, David, expansionist, 150; pro-slavery leader, 238. _Atlantic Monthly_, founded, 227. Austin, Stephen, in Texas, 120. Bache, Alexander Dallas, scientist, 224. Baldwin, Joseph G., 227. Baltimore, Maryland, for Adams, 15, 41, 46, 48; newspapers for Bank, 79; Democratic Convention of 1844, 128; wheat market, 133; sub-treasury at, 151; Democratic Convention of 1848, 172, 187. Baltimore and Ohio Canal, 46. Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, 192. Bancroft, George, in Polk's Cabinet, 149. Bank, Second National, 45; and Jackson, 60, 65, 66, 67; and Clay, 67; bill for re-charter, 67; Biddle, president, 67; sentiment for re-charter, 68; Jackson's veto, 69; in campaign of 1832, 70; and Jackson, 77; creditor of members of Congress, 78; newspaper support of, 79; government deposits withheld, 79; fighting Jackson and the people, 80; defeated, 82; decline in power, 83; and French claims, 85; out of politics, 91; under Pennsylvania charter, 98; European stockholders, 99, 103, 107. Banks, in United States, capital, 45; men in control, 47; banking area, 47; state banks and Jackson, 78, 79; expansion of credit, 98; increase of members, 98; panic of 1837, 102; suspend specie payment, 102; New York laws, 105; state, 151; of New York, 189; of Confederacy, 286. Banks, N. P., 253, 299. Baptists, in West, 33; in South, 143; and slavery, 143, 163; increase in membership, 145; in South, 218; clergy of high character, 220; members (1860), 220; and slavery, 221; educational institutions, 222. Barbecues, 209, 212. Barbour, James, 17. Baring Brothers of London, and American stocks, 99. Barry, W. T., Postmaster-General, 58. Bates, Edward, presidential timber, 257, 262, 263. Beauregard, General P. G. T., and Fort Sumter, 274, 276, 281; in battle of Bull Run, 285; in battle of Shiloh, 294. Beecher, Henry Ward, 219. Bell, John, for President, 261. Belmont, August, 258. Benton, Thomas H., against Adams, 16; for preemption law, 16, 60, 65; against Florida Treaty, 16; imperialist, 25; for free homesteads, 27, 30, 32; Foot Resolution, 60; land program defeated, 65, 75, 82, 90, 102, 105, 108, 109; supporting Tyler, 115, 126; Oregon, 127, 129; Texas and Oregon, 132, 147, 149, 150; for commander-in-chief in Mexico, 155; and California, 175; and crisis of 1850, 175, 242.