Calhoun, John C., 4, 5; Nationalist, 5; Pennsylvania and, 5; against tariff, 6, 66, 68; alliance with Jackson, 6; strong in Virginia, 11, 16; and Jackson's first Cabinet, 21; true to West, 30; powerless against Jackson, 37, 39, 52, 54, 58, 60, 61, 62; break with Jackson, 63, 64, 67; and Van Buren, 64, 68; defied by Clay, 67; and Bank, 68, 82; Nullification, 71, 72, 75; isolated in 1832, 73; and compromise of 1833, 74; and Force Bill, 74; defeated and isolated, 82, 84, 91; hostile to Jackson, 92; supporting Van Buren, 94, 108, 112; for Independent Treasury, 104; for Texas, 105, 107, 121, 126, 147; supporting Tyler, 115, 116; retirement, 117; and Clay reconciled, 117; candidacy for President, 117; on slavery, 119; character, 119; Secretary of State, 127; and Walker, 129; for Polk, 130; Texas Treaty, 130; Presidency promised to, 131, 132; Unitarian, 143; and sectionalism, 145; and Polk, 148; and Oregon, 149, 150, 152; and all Mexico, 158; and abolition agitation, 165; and compromise of 1850, 176, 178; demands for slavery, 178; death, 180, 242, 243; doctrine of, and Dred Scott case, 248, 263. California, Tyler for, 125, 131, 132, 152, 154; occupied by United States, 154; gold discovered, 174; Taylor for admitting, 176, 199, 232; for Pacific Railroad, 233; for Buchanan, 246. Cameron, Simon, 257, 262, 263. Campbell, Judge, of Alabama, Confederate Commissioner, 324. Campbellites, Calvinistic, 218, 222. Canada, revolt and American aid, 105, 120, 122, 153. Canals, constructed in West, 90; speculation, 91, 92. Carey and Lea, Philadelphia, publishing activities, 53. Caroline, the, affair of, with England, 105, 120, 123. Cartwright, Peter, salary, 31. Cass, Lewis, 15, 25; Secretary of War, 65; Oregon and Texas, 132; expansionist, 150, 157, 158; for President, 172; Nicholson letter, 172; defeat, 173; and crisis of 1850, 176. Catholics, 216; and slavery, 221. Cerro Gordo, battle of, 155. Chancellorsville, battle of, 305. Chandler, Zachary, 241; uncompromising, 273. Channing, William Ellery, 52. Charleston, S.C., 53, 54; and abolition mail, 165; spring resort, 214; blockade-running from, 313. Chase, Salmon P., for Wilmot Proviso, 171, 184, 202; against Kansas-Nebraska Bill, 240, 241, 242; and Kansas, 245; and Ohio, 251, 257, 262, 265; uncompromising, 273; Secretary of Treasury, 291; difficulties, 292; for immediate emancipation, 301, 315; working against Lincoln, 316; supports Lincoln, 322. Cherokees. _See_ Indians. Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, 46. Chestnut, Mrs. James, 215, 281. Chicago, 187, 192, 193, 202; and Douglas, 204; growth, 204; Pacific Railroad idea, 204, 210. Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad, 192. Chickasaws. _See_ Indians. Children, in factories, 210. China, Tyler and, 126. Choate, Rufus, became Democrat, 246. Choctaws. _See_ Indians.