“Similar species of rocks are found in Kordofàn, viz., granite, gneiss, and mica-slate. However, diorite makes its appearance towards the south, consisting of white feldspar, green and black hornblende, and a little volcanic sand. On the island of Tira there is also chlorite slate. But the most remarkable thing is the appearance of clinkstone or phonolite, found in Koldadschi (written also Kodalgi and Koldagi), in Russegger’s collection. “This circumstance is conclusive of a considerable development of basaltic stones in these regions, though it does not denote volcanic phenomena; for phonolite, with us, only appears in those basaltic mountain-groups where there has not been any eruption of volcanoes. “A sandstone and hornstone formation, probably belonging to the latter tertiary rocks, is situated before the mountain-chain of Kordofàn and Sennaar, to which Mount Mandera, which consists of syenite, is united in the east. It forms the Jebel Mussa, specimens from which have been given both by Russegger and Werne. “We wind up the geognostical picture of these countries by saying that we find granite, gneiss, and mica-slate generally spread, with which clay-slate, chlorite-slate, and diorite present themselves, all of the earlier formation,—new stones of basalt, phonolites, and volcanoes, springing from the tertiary epoch, join on immediately to the others. The limestone conglomerates, found in the Sobàt, have perhaps their origin in chalk lime-stone, to which they belong apparently, judging from external appearances; and if this should be the case, the geognostical relations of the eastern part of central Africa are closely allied to those of Palestine, Syria, and Asia Minor.” THE END. LONDON: Printed by S. & J. BENTLEY and HENRY FLEY, Bangor House, Shoe Lane. FOOTNOTES: [Footnote 1: A Parisian or French foot is equal to 1·066 English (Transl.)] [Footnote 2: A water-shed is the geographical term for a mountain-range, which causes the rivers rising on them to descend in different directions.] [Footnote 3: A mètre is equal to 3·281 English feet. (Trans.)] [Footnote 4: On the Rhine. (Trans.)] [Footnote 5: Corrected in this translation. (Transl.)] [Footnote 6: Bartholomew de las Casas, a Spanish prelate, born at Seville in 1474, and died at Madrid 1566. He set at liberty the Indians who had fallen to his share in the division of Cuba, when it was conquered by Columbus, and interested himself for them with King Ferdinand. With a strange inconsistency, however, he became the author of the slave trade, by his proposal to purchase negroes from the Portuguese in Africa to supply the planters with labourers, which suggestion was unfortunately adopted.—(Translator).] [Footnote 7: Poor Cardinal Mezzofanti, “the monster of languages,” as Byron called him, died while this translation was being made, 16th March, 1849. (Trans.)]