Experiments and Observations on Different Kinds of AirPriestley, Joseph
History
Experiments and Observations on Different Kinds of Air
Priestley, Joseph
Air -- Early works to 1800; Chemistry -- Early works to 1800
The acid air seemed to make no impression upon a piece of Derbyshire
_spar_, of a very dark colour, and which, therefore, seemed to contain a
good deal of phlogiston.
As the acid air has so near an affinity with phlogiston, I expected that
the fumes of _liver of sulphur_, which chemists agree to be phlogistic,
would have united with it, so as to form inflammable air; but I was
disappointed in that expectation. This substance imbibed half of the
acid air to which it was introduced: one fourth of the remainder, after
standing one day in quicksilver, was imbibed by water, and what was left
extinguished a candle. This experiment, however, seems to prove that
acid air and phlogiston may form a permanent kind of air that is not
inflammable. Perhaps it may be air in such a state as common air loaded
with phlogiston, and from which the fixed air has been precipitated. Or
rather, it may be the same thing with inflammable air, that has lost its
inflammability by long standing in water. It well deserves a farther
examination.
The following experiments are those in which the _stronger acids_ were
made use of, and therefore they may assist us farther to ascertain their
affinities with certain substances, with respect to this marine acid in
the form of air.
I put a quantity of strong concentrated _oil of vitriol_ to acid air,
but it was not at all affected by it in a day and a night. In order to
try whether it would not have more power in a more condensed state, I
compressed it with an additional atmosphere; but upon taking off this
pressure, the air expanded again, and appeared to be not at all
diminished. I also put a quantity of strong _spirit of nitre_ to it
without any sensible effect. We may conclude, therefore, that the
marine acid, in this form of air, is not able to dislodge the other
acids from their union with water.
_Blue vitriol_, which is formed by the union of the vitriolic acid with
copper, turned to a dark green the moment that it was put to the acid
air, which it absorbed, though slowly. Two pieces, as big as small nuts,
absorbed three ounce measures of the air in about half an hour. The
green colour was very superficial; for it was easily wiped or washed
off.
_Green copperas_ turned to a deeper green upon being put into acid air,
which it absorbed slowly. _White copperas_ absorbed this air very fast,
and was dissolved in it.
_Sal ammoniac_, being the union of spirit of salt with volatile alkali,
was no more affected with the acid air than, as I have observed before,
common salt was.
I also introduced to the acid air various other substances, without any
particular expectation; and it may be worth while to give an account of
the results, that the reader may draw from them such conclusions as he
shall think reasonable.
_Borax_ absorbed acid air about as fast as blue vitriol, but without any
thing else that was observable.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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