Puparium -ia: in Diptera, the thickened larval skin within which the pupa is formed. Pupate, Pupation: to become a pupa: the act of becoming a pupa. Pupiferous: applied to that generation of plant lice which produces sexed individuals. Pupigenous: =pupiparous; q.v. Pupigerous: forming a larval pupariuni: coarctate: said of dipterous larva that contract to form an envelope for the inclosed pupa. Pupil: the central mark of an ocellate spot. Pupillate: spots or marks that have an eye-like centre. Pupipara: a series of Diptera, in which the females do not extrude the young until they have reached the stage ready to pupate. Pupiparous: bringing forth young ready to pupate. Pupivorous: feeding upon pupa: especially applied to those Hymenoptera that are parasitic upon insects in the pupal stage. Purpurascent: becoming purple in shade. Purpureous -eus: purple [mauve]. Pustular a colored point of moderate circumference. Pustulated hair: in Mallophaga those arising from unchitinized spaces. Pygidium: the last dorsal segment of abdomen left exposed by the elytra: in Forficulidw, the last dorsal segment: in Diaspincr, the compound terminal segment. Pygofer: the last segment of the abdomen in certain Homoptera, especially the lateral margins which appear in the ventral view; hence sometimes used in the plural - pygofers. Pygophore: the large upper piece of the genitalia in Homoptera. Pygotheca: the parts containing the genitalia in Homoptera. Pyloric: referring to the posterior extremity of the chylific ventricle. Pyloric valve: the specialized posterior portion of crop where there is no distinct gizzard. Pyloric valvule: a circular projection of the stomach behind which is an enlargement of the intestine. Pylorus: the chylific ventricle. Pyriform: shaped like a pear. Q Quadra -ri -ro: as a prefix, means four. Quadrate: square or nearly so. Quadrifarium: having four rows. Quadrilateral: four-sided: formed or bounded by four lines: in Odonata, a space on the wings of Zygoptera bounded by the lower sector of arculus, the sub-median vein, a cross-vein between these two, and the lower part of arculus. Queen: the actively reproducing female among worker insects. Quiescent: not active: applied to the pupae in forms with complete metamorphosis. Quiet: subdued: not conspicuous or contrasting in color or maculation. R Race: a variety of a species possessing constant characters which yet are not specific; usually occurring in a different faunal region from the type and may thus be geographical: nearly synonymous with subspecies. Racemose: like a bunch of grapes: applied to ovaries when they form bunches or sacs. Rachis: a ridge or keel dividing the spinning canal at base, in caterpillars; the shank of an antennal joint into which the lateral spines or other processes are inserted. Radial: pertaining to the radius or radial vein.