Parapsidal furrows: longitudinal grooves on each side of the mesoscutum of Proctytrypidae separating the parapsides from the middle lobe. Parapsidal grooves: the grooves or furrows on each side of the Chalcid scutellum, defining the parapsidae. Parapsides: lateral pieces of the meso-scutum, separated from the mesal portion by the parapsidal furrows. Parapteron -era: small sclerites, articulated to the dorsal extremity of the episternum, just below the wings; absent on prothorax = the tegulae of Hymenoptera, and patagia of Lepidoptera: have been homologized with the elytra of Coleoptera. Parasita: = parasitica: q.v. Parasite: a species that lives in or on another animal or insect, and depends upon the tissue of the host for its food supply. Parasitic: living on or in some other animal or insect in such a way as to derive all nourishment from the tissues of the host. Parasitica: the sucking lice: wingless; without metamorphosis; mouth with piercing lancets; thoracic segments similar; habits epizooetic. Parasitism: a form of symbiosis in which one party lives upon or at the expense of the other, makes no return and destroys its host: see symbiosis; commensalism. Parastigma: = pterostigma; q.v. Parastigmatic glands: small, circular glands, which secrete a waxy powder, sometimes present around the spiracles of Coccidae. Paratype: is every specimen of the series from which the type was selected see type and cotype. Parse: sparse or sparsely. Parcidentate: with few teeth. Parenchymatous: composed of soft cellular and connective tissue. Parietes: walls: the perpendicular sides of elevated bodies. Paronychium-ia: one or more bristle-like appendages of onychia; q.v. Parthenogenetic: see asexual. Parthenogenesis: reproduction by direct growth of germs from egg-cells without fertilization by the male element: as in plant lice, gall wasps, etc. Particolored: partly of one, partly of another color: divided into two or more color fields. Partite -us: divided; e.g. the eyes of Gyrinidae. Parum: not much. Patagium -ia: in Lepidoptera, those sclerites that cover the base of primaries: often used as synonymous with tegula and squamula, q.v.: assigned by some writers to the pro-, by others to the meso-thorax: homologized with the paraptera of meso-thorax. Patella -ae: the modified joints of anterior tarsi in Dytiscidae; plate-like, horny or spongy structures on the undersides of the tarsal joints: the first coxal joint. Patellar: pertaining to the knee-joint or cap. Patellariae: in Dytiscids, the unequal, cup-like impressions on the underside of the patella. Patens, Patentes: open; diverging; spreading apart. Patric: home or country of origin. Patulous-ose: open, spreading. Paunch: a crop-like accessory pouch in some Mallophaga: any pouch-like appendage of the alimentary canal. Paurometabolous: metamorphosis in which the changes of form are gradual and inconspicuous: e.g. Orthoptera and most Rhynchota.