[213] The ουν in ver. 24 is not recognised by the R. V. nor adopted in Professor Westcott's text. One uncial (A), however, inserts it in 1 John iv. 19. It occurs in 3 John 8. This inferential particle is found with unusual frequency in St. John's Gospel. It does not seem satisfactory to account for this by calling it "one of the beginnings of modern Greek." (B. de Xivrey.) By St. John as an _historian_, the frequent _therefore_ is the spontaneous recognition of a Divine logic of events; of the necessary yet natural sequence of every incident in the life of the "Word made Flesh." The ουν expresses something more than continuity of narrative. It indicates a connection of events so interlinked that each springs from, and is joined with, the preceding, as if it were a conclusion which followed from the premiss of the Divine argument. Now a mind which views _history_ in this light is just the mind which will be _dogmatic_ in theology. The inspired dogmatic theologian will necessarily write in a style different from that of the theologian of the Schools. The style of the former will be _oracular_; that of the latter will be _scholastic, i.e._, inferential, a concatenation of syllogisms. The syllogistic ουν is then naturally absent from St. John's Epistles. The one undoubted exception is 3 John 8, where a practical inference is drawn from an historical statement in ver. 7. The writer may be allowed to refer to _The Speaker's Commentary_, iv., 381. [214] Jer. xxxi. 34. [215] Vers. 18, 22. [216] The last hour is not a date arbitrarily chosen and written down as a man might mark a day for an engagement in a calendar. It is determined by history--by the sum-total of the product of the actions of men who are not the slaves of fatality, who possess free-will, and are not forced to act in a particular way. It is supposed to derogate from the Divine mission of the Apostles if we admit that they might be mistaken as to the chronology of the closing hour of time. But to know that supreme instant would involve a knowledge of the whole plan of God and the whole predetermining motives in the appointment of that day, _i.e._, it would constructively involve _omniscience_. Cf. Mark xiii. 32, and our Lord's profound saying, Acts i. 7. [217] John v. 43. [218] 1 John ii. 22, iv. 2, 3; 2 John 7-9. [219] Ver. 19. [220] Bingham's _Antiquities_, i., 462-524, 565. [221] For other instances of this characteristic, see a subject _introduced_ ii. 29, _expanded_ iii. 9--another subject _introduced_ iii. 21, _expanded_ v. 14. [222] το αυτου χρισμα, ver. 27, _not_ το αυτο ("the same anointing," A. V.) "This most unusual order throws a strong emphasis on the pronoun." (Prof. Westcott.) The writer thankfully quotes this as it seems to him to bring out the dogmatic significance of the word, emphasised as it is by this unusual order--the chrism, the Spirit of _Him_. [223] 1 John iii. 24.