The remains of this bird were first sent to Dr. H. O. Forbes in 1892 by the late W. Hawkins, from the Chatham Islands, 500 miles E.S.E. of New Zealand. It appears to have been confined to the Island of Wharekauri. Dr. Forbes subsequently went to the Chathams himself and collected a large number of bones of various extinct birds, including those of _Diaphorapteryx_. In 1895 I received a consignment of bones through the agency of Mr. Dannefaerd, from the Chathams, such as has never been equalled from any deposit elsewhere, for literally there were many hundreds of thousands of bones of a considerable number of species of birds. From this collection Mr. C. W. Andrews was able to draw up a most minute description of the skeleton of _Diaphorapteryx_, founded on several practically complete skeletons, some thirty or more skulls, and several thousand individual bones of various portions of the skeleton. This description, published in Novitates Zoologicae, Vol. III, pp. 73-84, is too long for reproduction here, and so I must refer my readers to it. This bird, as well as the _Palaeolimnas_, shows an apparent relationship between the Chatham Islands and the Mascarene Islands; but I believe that {134} this is not a real relationship, as has been asserted, due to a former land-connection, but merely a case of parallel development owing to similar conditions of existence. Habitat: Wharekauri Island, Chatham Islands. In the Tring Museum are two complete skeletons, more than a thousand bones, and about fifteen skulls. One almost complete skeleton, and the type, skull, and bones, are in the British Museum. {135} ERYTHROMACHUS MILNE-EDWARDS. "Legs stout, made for running, and from a quarter to one-fifth shorter than in _Ocydromus_, the three anterior digits well developed and the hallux very small. Body less massive than in _Ocydromus_, with the wings slightly more developed, but not serviceable for flight. Head small; bill red, straight, pointed, and about 60 mm. = 2.4 inches. A red naked patch round the eye; plumage pale grey." ERYTHROMACHUS LEGUATI MILNE-EDWARDS. _Gelinote_ Leguat, t. II p. 71 (1708). _Erythromachus leguati_ Milne-Edwards, Ann. Sci. Nat. (5) XIX, pp. 6, 7, pls. XI, XII (1874). _Aphanopteryx leguati_ Günther & E. Newton, Phil. Trans. Vol. 168, pp. 431-432, pl. XLIII (1879). Of the older writers only Leguat appears to have described the Rodriguez flightless rail. There are several references to "_Hens_," "_Veld Hoenders_," &c., but all appear to refer to the Mauritius bird _Aphanapteryx bonasia_. Leguat's description is as follows:--