[322] The following is the passage referred to: περιφερομενοι παντι ανεμω της διδασκαλιας εν τη ΚΥΒΕΙΑ των ανθρωπων.--"Carried about with every wind of doctrine by the sleight of men."--Ephesians, iv, 14.--Dr. Rennell, quoting the passage in the notes to his sermon against Gaming, observes, that "The connexion between the artifices of gamesters, and the shifting depravity of heretical subterfuge, is strongly marked by the Apostle." [323] Barbeyrac, Traité du Jeu, liv. i, chap. 1. "Que le Jeu en lui-même, et l'abus mis à part, est une chose tout-à-fait indifferente." [324] "Selden, de Jure Naturæ et Gentium, lib. iv, cap. v." [325] From this account of instruments of play containing pictures and devises, it has been conjectured that cards were then known, and that the game was included in the general term "Alea." On this point, Barbeyrac observes, in a note: "All this pleasant conceit [about pictures and idolatry] is founded on two things: first that the board on which they played at Trictrac and Dice, was adorned with paintings; and second, that the invention of those games was attributed to Theut, or Thout, the Egyptian Mercury, who, after his death, was numbered amongst the gods." [326] "Daniel Souter, Palamed. lib. ii, c. 6." [327] Réflexions sur ce que l'on appelle Bonheur et Malheur en matière de Loteries, par M. le Clerc, ch. viii, p. 97. [328] La Placette, Des Jeux de Hasard, ch. ii, p. 202. [329] J. B. Thiers, in his Traité des Jeux et des Divertissemens, p. 5, thus refers to the same anecdote: "Saint Ignace de Loiola joüa un jour au billard avec un gentil-homme qui l'avoit invité d'y jouer, et s'il en faut croire l'éloquent Jésuite Maphée, il le gagna miraculeusement, quoiqu'il ne sçût pas le jeu. _Cum nihil minus calleret Ignatius, divinitus factum est ut in singulos omnino trajectus victor eraderet._" [330] "Omnis autem Actio vacare debet temeritate et negligentia: nee vero agere quidquam, cujus non possit causam probabilem reddere."--Cicero de Offic. lib. i. See also Marc. Antonin. lib. viii, cap. 2, and lib. x, cap. 37, together with Gataker's observations.--On this point the remark of Seneca deserves quotation: "Hac [Ratione] duce, per totam vitam eundum est. Minima Maximaque ex hujus consilio gerenda sunt."--De Benefic. lib. ii, cap. 18. [331] Thiers, in his Traité des Jeux et des Divertissemens, distinguishes games in the same manner; but Barbeyrac observes that he is wrong in classing all games of cards with games of pure chance.