At what period Playing Cards first became known in Europe,--whether as an original invention, or introduced from some other quarter of the world,--has not yet been ascertained. From the silence, however, of all authorities by whom we might expect to find them distinctly named if they had been in common use, it may be fairly concluded, that, though they possibly might be known to a few persons before the year 1350, they did not begin to attract notice nor come into frequent use till towards the latter end of the fourteenth century. Packs of cards are distinctly mentioned by the name which they still retain in France--_Jeux de Cartes_--in an entry made in his book of accounts, about 1393, by Charles Poupart, treasurer of the household to Charles VI of France. Considering, then, this entry as an established fact in the history of cards, I shall now proceed to lay before the reader some of the grounds and evidences on which it has been asserted that cards were well known in Europe before that period. Several writers of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, in discussing the lawfulness of card-playing, gratuitously assuming that the game was included under the general term _Alea_,[72] have spoken of cards as if they had been known from time immemorial. The easy mode of deriving _aliquid de aliquo_ by means of a comprehensive _genus_, is of frequent use with those decisive characters who delight in settling cases of conscience with a strong hand; and who, enveloped in the dust of the Schools, lay vigorously about them, both right and left, with weapons borrowed from "the old Horse Armoury of the Fathers," and re-ground, for present use, on the Decretals. He who can discover cards, _implicitè_, as Olearius has it,[73] in St. Cyprian's tract, De Aleatoribus, or in the injunctions against gaming in the canons of any Council or Synod previous to 1390, will have no difficulty in finding "Roulette" and "E or O," implied under the general term _Tabulæ_. Having thus indicated the value of the hypothetic evidence in favour of cards being known in early times,--because the game was subsequently comprehended under a schoolman's definition of the term _Alea_,--it may be left to pass for what it is worth.