[9] James VI. of Scotland adopted Troy-weight in 1618; but curiously the Troy-weight (Scots) coincided more nearly with Avoirdupois. [10] The name signifies _Lower New Town_, to distinguish it from Novgorod the Great on the Volkhof, North-Western Russia. [11] This terrace is locally known as Mouravieff’s Folly, in consequence of a tower built by him, upon which he designed to place a facsimile of the famous Strasburg clock, but on so gigantic a scale that the hours and minutes, the moon’s phases, and planets, cycles, &c., should be distinctly visible from every locality of the town and fair! [Illustration] INDEX. Accounts, settling of, at fairs, 9. Actors at Sturbridge fair, 128, 144. Aix-la-Chapelle, early fair of, 7. Alarm bells at fairs, 6. Ale at fairs, price fixed, 81, 82. tested, 82. Alfred the Great, did he introduce fairs? 19. Amphyctionic fairs, 3. Anglo-Saxon fairs, 13. Antwerp, influence of fairs, 10. “Ara,” the signal of the money-changers, 9. Armour from Milan sold at Sturbridge fair, 163. Asia, early fairs in, 19. Assize of bread, wine, and beer, 63. Bacon fair of Paris, 282. Bailey, Mr., manager of company of comedians, 150. Bailiffs at Sturbridge fair, 78. Bakers at fairs, 80, 81, 84, 155. Barnwell Abbey, history of, 148. Barnwell (Cambridge) fair, 13, 59, 69, 75. Bartholomew fair, origin of, 164. charter, 167. new charter, 173, 175. right of holding challenged, 173. review of during four centuries, 181. disputation of scholars in, 182. described by a foreigner, 188. proclaimed by City of London, 190. unauthorized proclamation of, 205. proclamation discontinued, 242. under the Commonwealth, 201, 204. described (1641), 199. visited by a Frenchman, 215. surveyed by Hone, 236. threatened, 210, 213, 217, 229, 232, 240. duration limited, 221, 223, 227, 229, 233. cash taken by shows, &c., 239. suppression of, 223. the end, 240. new, 241. Beaucaire (France), fair of, 262. Bells for giving alarm at fairs, 6. Beer, sale of, at Sturbridge fair, 155. Berdicheff (Russia), fair of, 285. Besançon, fair of, 263. Bible references to fairs, 5. Bills of exchange at fairs, 267. Blackstone on fairs and markets, 15. Book sale at Sturbridge fair, 126. Book stalls at Bartholomew fair, 239. Books at the fairs of Lyons, 269. Booths in Barnwell fair, 60. bequests of, 66, 67, 68, 79. Booths in Sturbridge fair, 102, 103, 112, 118, 132, 141. Bordeaux, fair of, 264. Borough laws of Scotland, 27. Braisne-le-Comte (France), fair of, 283. Bread, assize of, 191. Bridewell boys at Bartholomew fair, 231. Brie (France), fairs of, 8, 245. Bristol, fair at, 35, 66. Bruges (Flanders), fair of, 8. Butchers to sell good meat, 84. Caen (Normandy), fair of, 264. Calendar, alteration of, 47, 230. Cambridge, fairs of, 35, 55.