Familiar Talks on Science: World-Building and Life; Earth, Air and Water.Gray, Elisha
Science
Familiar Talks on Science: World-Building and Life; Earth, Air and Water.
Gray, Elisha
Science
Simple as it is, however, as a mechanical structure, the life and growth
of the sponge is as mysterious as that of the most highly organized
animal or even the soul of man. We can study out the structure of a
plant or animal; we can analyze it and tell what are the elements of
which it is composed; we can describe the mechanical operations that are
carried on and the chemical combinations that take place, but no man has
ever yet solved the mystery of life, even in the lowest form--whether
animal or vegetable.
The sponge, whether considered as a single or compound animal, has the
power to reproduce itself, and here the mystery of life is as much
hidden as it is in God's highest creation. It has been stated that every
sponge contains a large number of separate cells which carry on the
operation of circulation and respiration, and may be likened to the
heart and lungs of an animal of a higher creation. Zoölogists claim that
each one of these cells represents a separate animal, living in a common
structure. However this may be, it is an interesting fact that the
sponge has the power of secreting ova that grow in large numbers in
little sacks until they have reached a certain stage of progress, when
they are expelled from the mother sponge and turned adrift in the great
ocean to struggle for their own existence. These eggs do not differ much
in their structure and composition from an ordinary hen's egg, except
that there is no shell, only a skin provided with little fibers called
cilia, that project from it, and by the movement of these the embryo
sponge is able to propel itself through the water. It thus lives until
it has reached a certain stage of development, when it seeks out a
pebble or rock, to which it attaches itself at one end--preparation for
which has been made by its peculiar structure during its life when it
was free to float around through the water. It is now a prisoner and
chained to the rock it has selected for the foundation of its home.
Having no longer any use for the little cilia, which enabled it to swim
through the water, it now loses them. Here is a beautiful illustration
of how nature provides for the necessities of the smallest things, and
how when the necessity that demanded a certain condition passes by the
condition passes with it. The embryo begins to show a fibrous
development, which is the beginning of the framework of a new sponge.
Evolution goes on, every step of which is as mysterious as a miracle,
until the growing thing is a full-grown sponge, equipped with the means
for respiration, circulation, feeding, digestion, and reproduction.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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