Farm drainage: The Principles, Processes, and Effects of Draining Land with Stones, Wood, Plows, and Open Ditches, and Especially with TilesFrench, Henry F. (Henry Flagg)
Science
Farm drainage: The Principles, Processes, and Effects of Draining Land with Stones, Wood, Plows, and Open Ditches, and Especially with Tiles
French, Henry F. (Henry Flagg)
Drainage
But what harm does evaporation do? and what has all this scientific talk
to do with drainage? These, my friend, are very practical questions, and
just the ones which it is proposed to answer; but we must bear in mind
that, as Nature conducts her grand affairs by systematic laws, the small
portion of her domain which for a brief space of time we occupy, is not
exempted from their operation. Some of these laws we may comprehend, and
turn our knowledge of them to practical account. Of others, we may note
the results, without apprehending the reasons of them; for it is true--
"There are more things in Heaven and earth, Horatio,
Than are dreamt of in your philosophy."
Discussions of this kind may seem dry, though the subject itself be
moisture. They belong, certainly, to the topic under consideration.
Evaporation does harm in the Spring-time, because it produces cold, just
when we most want heat. How it produces cold, is not so readily
explained. The fact may be made as evident as the existence of sin in
the world, and, possibly, the reason of it may be as unsatisfactory.
The books say, that heat always disappears when a solid body becomes a
liquid; and so it is, that the air always remains cool while the snow
and ice are melting in Spring. Again, it is said that heat always
disappears, when a fluid becomes vapor. These are said to be laws or
principles of nature, and are said to explain other phenomena. To a
practical mind, it is perhaps just as satisfactory to say that
evaporation produces cold, as to state the principle or law in the
language of science.
That the fact is so, may be proved by many illustrations. Stockhardt
gives the following experiment, which is strikingly appropriate:
"Fill a tube half full of water, and fasten securely round the bulb
of it, a piece of cloth. Saturate the cloth with cold water, and
then twirl the tube rapidly between the hands; presently the water
in the tube will become sensibly colder, and the degree of cold may
be accurately determined by the thermometer. Moisten the cloth with
ether, a very volatile liquid, and twirl it again in the same
manner as before; by which means, its contents, even in Summer, may
be converted into ice."
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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