Farm drainage: The Principles, Processes, and Effects of Draining Land with Stones, Wood, Plows, and Open Ditches, and Especially with TilesFrench, Henry F. (Henry Flagg)
Science
Farm drainage: The Principles, Processes, and Effects of Draining Land with Stones, Wood, Plows, and Open Ditches, and Especially with Tiles
French, Henry F. (Henry Flagg)
Drainage
The fall which can be obtained for the main drain is less than two
inches per hundred feet, but the lateral drains entering into the
main, will have a fall varying from two inches to a foot per
hundred.
The contour lines, or lines traced along the ground, intersecting
points on an equal level, are drawn on this plan, showing a fall of
four-tenths of a foot, each line being in every part four-tenths of
a foot lower than the line above it. Where the lines are near
together, the fall is greater, as a less horizontal distance is
passed over before reaching a point which is four-tenths lower than
the line above.
[Illustration: Thorough Drainage BY SHEDD & EDSON. AGR'L ENG'S
BOSTON, 1859]
It will be seen by the plan, that the fall in the line occupied by
the main drain is very slight, while the side drains have a fall
much greater.
The lateral drains are run in the line of steepest descent, which
is, of course, at right angles to the general direction of the
contour lines.
The water from the entire system is collected, and escapes at one
outlet into the brook.
A peep hole is placed at the intersection of the sub-main drain
with the main, which commands about one-half the entire area--the
other, half is commanded by the outlet.
Two-inch tile will be laid in the lateral drains, and three, four,
and five-inch in the sub-main and main.
It is quite indispensable, to the successful execution of a plan of
drainage on land so level as this, that careful measurements be
made on the ground with an engineer's level, and such a
representation of its surface projected as will show to the eye at
a glance what all the natural inclinations are. The work can then
be laid out with ease in the best position, and executed in a
systematic manner. The time and labor which is devoted to such an
examination of the ground is well spent, and, with the knowledge
gained by it, the work can be carried on with such economy as to
save the original cost of the examination many times over.
Very truly, yours,
SHEDD & EDSON
Hon. H. F. FRENCH, Exeter, N. H.
STATEMENT OF HENRY F. FRENCH, OF EXETER, N. H.
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