Farm drainage: The Principles, Processes, and Effects of Draining Land with Stones, Wood, Plows, and Open Ditches, and Especially with TilesFrench, Henry F. (Henry Flagg)
Science
Farm drainage: The Principles, Processes, and Effects of Draining Land with Stones, Wood, Plows, and Open Ditches, and Especially with Tiles
French, Henry F. (Henry Flagg)
Drainage
As good tiles as I ever saw were dried in a different way, and not
rolled at all. As they were taken from the machine--six at a
time--each carrier passed off with his tray, and placed them _on
end_ carefully, upon an _even floor_. When five or six rows of
tiles were thus placed, the whole length of the drying-house, a
board was set on edge to keep them from falling to one side; then
followed five or six other rows of tiles, and so on, till the
drying-ground was filled.
This was the plan adopted in a tilery near Dublin, some years ago.
It is only a few days since I examined some of the tiles made at
these works, which had been taken from a drain, where they had been
in use for nine years; and the _clear ringing sound_ produced by
striking them against each other, showed what little effect that
length of time produced upon them, and how well they had been
manufactured.
_Cost of Tiles._ We have recently paid at the works--
For 1-1/2 inch pipes 17s. 6d. per thousand.
" 2 " 25s. "
" 3 " 45s. "
Each tile one foot in length, and the one and one-half-inch pipes
weighing 16 cwt. per thousand.
One of the great difficulties in connection with tile-making is, in
many districts, to procure clay sufficiently free from lime. Tiles
are very often sold by sample, sent a considerable distance, and it
becomes necessary to test them, which we do (for
lime) by placing them in water for a night; and, if lime is present
in the tile, it will, of course, swell out, and break the latter,
or leave it in a riddled state.
I have now endeavored to answer the queries in your postscript, and
I have carefully avoided enlarging on some points in them with
which your readers are already familiar. If I shall have thrown a
single ray of additional light on this subject across the Atlantic,
I shall be amply repaid for any attention I have given to
thorough-drainage during the past twelve years.
I should here observe that I mislaid amongst my papers the portion
of your letter containing the queries (it was a separate sheet),
and it has not as yet turned up, so that I had to depend on a
rather treacherous memory to keep the queries in my mind's eye. It
is highly probable, therefore, that I have overlooked some of them.
This circumstance was the chief cause of the delay in writing.
You are quite at liberty to make any use you please of this
communication.
WILLIAM BOYLE.
INDEX.
Absorption of moisture; 303, 304, 322
" Fertilizing substances; 268
Aeration; 269, 276
Albert Model Farm; 375
American experiments; 367
Anderson, J. F.; 112
Arrangement of drains; 173
Artesian Wells; 83
Attraction, adhesive; 301
" capillary; 302
" of soils for vapor; 304
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