[164] These were the Songhies, a tribe of Coast Salishan stock, inhabiting the region around Victoria. For a detailed description of this tribe see Franz Boas in _Report_ of British Association for the Advancement of Science, 1890, pp. 563-582. Boas gives the proper tribal name as Lkuñgen, and says the term Songhies (Songish) is derived from one of their septs. As Bolduc reports, they lived in the long board houses with carved posts, and enclosed their village with palisades. There are about a hundred of this tribe extant under the charge of the Cowichan agency.—ED. [165] This was a band of Cowichan Indians, named for their chieftain Tsoughilam (Toungletats). The Cowichan are a large subdivision of the Coast Salishan tribe, occupying the east coast of Vancouver Island, and up the Fraser River as far as Yale; see _Report_ of British Association for the Advancement of Science, 1894, pp. 454-463. See also an account of the attack of this tribe on the newly-erected Fort Camosun in H. H. Bancroft, _British Columbia_, pp. 106-110.—ED. [166] The former tribe was probably the Kwantlums, a branch of the Cowichan family, occupying the lower Fraser valley about Fort Langley and above.—ED. [167] For Kawitskins (Cowichan) and Klalams (Clallam), see _ante_, p. 148, note 49; for Isanisks (Songhies), p. 149, note 51.—ED. [168] For the founding of Sitka see our volume vi, p. 258, note 68.—ED. [169] Lopez Island, between Rosario Straits and Canal de Haro.—ED. [170] Bishop Blanchet had previously visited Whidbey Island; see _ante_, p. 120. The Skagit Indians were a tribe of Salishan origin inhabiting the territory in the neighborhood of Skagit Bay and on the river of that name. In 1855 they took part in the treaty of Point Elliott, and were assigned to the Swinomish Reservation at the mouth of Skagit River. The Indians on this reservation number about two hundred and fifty; they are partly civilized, wear civilized dress, speak English, hold allotted lands, and are largely members of the Roman Catholic church.—ED. [171] For the origin of this name see our volume vi, p. 233, note 36.—ED. [172] For the Clatsop see our volume vi, p. 239, note 39. The American with them was probably either Solomon H. Smith, or Calvin Tibbitts, who both lived at Clatsop Plains, having crossed the continent with Wyeth; see Wyeth’s _Oregon_, our volume xxi, p. 73, note 50.—ED. [173] James Birnie (Burney), for whom see Townsend’s _Narrative_ in our volume xxi, p. 361, note 130.—ED. [174] See descriptions of this form of entombment in our volume xxi, p. 338; also in _Original Journals of the Lewis and Clark Expedition_, iii, pp. 260, 326.—ED.