Fatigue study : $b the elimination of humanity's greatest unnecessary waste. A first step in motion studyGilbreth, Lillian Moller
Science
Fatigue study : $b the elimination of humanity's greatest unnecessary waste. A first step in motion study
Gilbreth, Lillian Moller
Fatigue; Industrial efficiency; Motion study
The cyclegraph method permits us to record, measure, and see this orbit
or exact path of a motion or cycle of motions. Small electric lights
are attached to the hands, or any other members of the body involved
in the motion. A photographic plate or film is then exposed while the
motion is made, with the result that a path of light, which resembles
a white wire, is seen upon the developed plate, representing the path
of the motion. The effect is best gained by a stereoscopic photograph,
which shows this path in three dimensions.
The chronocyclegraph method enables us not only to see the path of
the motion, but also its directions, and the duration of the entire
motion and of its elements. These chronocyclegraphs are made by
attaching lights to the moving parts of the body, or machine, as
in the cyclegraph, and by introducing a properly timed, pulsating
interrupter in the circuit, which may be adjusted not only to record
the time and duration, but also to record these with different graphs,
representing the paths of each of several motions made by various
parts of the body and their exact distances, exact times, relative
times, exact speeds, relative speeds, and directions.
[Illustration: FIG. 20
This picture shows a lamp attached to the hand for the purpose of
taking cyclegraphs or chronocyclegraphs of motions in connection with
obtaining motions of least fatigue.]
[Illustration: FIG. 21
This picture shows an experiment that was carried on by us some time
ago for determining the laws pertaining to the times and fatigue of
motions of different lengths.
The operation studied is that of moving a seven pound weight. The times
are divided into three parts: Length of time from starting to picking
up weight; length of time from picking up weight to depositing; and
length of time of recovery to standing position from depositing. The
experiment proved that the time of motions of different lengths is
practically the same unless those of the same length are consecutively
repeated. The quantity of work that can be done in a day is, of course,
much less with long motions than with short ones, due to extra time
needed to overcome the fatigue of the long motions.]
By means of the “penetrating screen,” it is possible to pass a
cross-sectioned plane in any direction through any desired plane, or
through any number of planes in the cubic space under observation.
This makes it possible to record the data with great accuracy in three
dimensions, and to read the information from the data easily.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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