[Footnote 27: For Turgot's argument against "fiat money" theory, see A. D. White, "Seven Great Statesmen in the Warfare of Humanity with Unreason," article on Turgot, pp. 169, et seq.] [Footnote 28: See De Goncourt, "Société française," for other explanations; "Les Révolutions de Paris," vol. ii, p. 216; Challamel, "Les Français sous la Révolution"; Senior, "On Some Effects of Paper Money," p. 82; Buchez and Roux, "Histoire Parlementaire," etc., vol. x, p. 216; Aulard, "Paris pendant la Révolution thermidorienne," _passim_, and especially "Rapport du bureau de surveillance," vol. ii, pp. 562, et seq. (Dec. 4-24, 1795.)] [Footnote 29: For statements and illustration of the general action of this law, see Sumner, "History of American Currency," pp. 157, 158; also Jevons, on "Money," p. 80.] [Footnote 30: See De Goncourt, "Société Française," p. 214.] [Footnote 31: See Von Sybel, History of the French Revolution, vol. 1, pp. 281, 283.] [Footnote 32: For proofs that issues of irredeemable paper at first stimulated manufactures and commerce in Austria and afterward ruined them, see Storch's "Economie politique," vol. iv, p. 223, note; and for the same effect produced by the same causes in Russia, see ibid., end of vol. iv. For the same effects in America, see Sumner's "History of American Currency." For general statement of effect of inconvertible issues on foreign exchanges see McLeod on "Banking," p. 186.] [Footnote 33: See Louis Blanc, "Histoire de la Révolution," tome xii, p. 113.] [Footnote 34: See "Extrait du registre des délibérations de la section de la bibliothèque," May 3, 1791, pp. 4, 5.] [Footnote 35: Von Sybel, vol. i, p. 273.] [Footnote 36: For general account, see Thiers' "Révolution," chap. xiv; also Lacretelle, vol. viii, p. 109; also "Memoirs of Mallet du Pan." For a good account of the intrigues between the court and Mirabeau and of the prices paid him, see Reeve, "Democracy and Monarchy in France," vol. i, pp. 213-220. For a very striking caricature published after the iron chest in the Tuileries was opened and the evidences of bribery of Mirabeau fully revealed, see Challamel, "Musée," etc. Vol. i, p. 341, is represented as a skeleton sitting on a pile of letters, holding the French crown in one hand and a purse of gold in the other.] [Footnote 37: Thiers, chap. ix.] [Footnote 38: For this and other evidences of steady decline in the purchasing power of the _assignats_, see Caron, "Tableaux de Dépréciation du papier-monnaie," Paris, 1909, p. 386.] [Footnote 39: See especially "Discours de Fabre d'Eglantine," in "Moniteur" for August 11, 1793; also debate in "Moniteur" of September 15, 1793; also Prudhomme's "Révolutions de Paris." For arguments of much the same tenor, see vast numbers of pamphlets, newspaper articles and speeches during the "Greenback Craze,"--and the craze for unlimited coinage of silver,--in the United States.] [Footnote 40: See Caron, "Tableaux de Dépréciation," as above, p. 386.]