Although the Hop (_Humulus Lupulus_) does not sting, the whole plant is rough with stiff hairs resembling those of the nettles, and it is placed in the same order. It is a climber, and clings to the hedgerow shrubs by twining its long stems, which always turn in the same direction as the sun. Its leaves are opposite, stalked, broadly heart-shaped in general form, but cut into three or five sharply-toothed lobes. The flowers, like those of the nettles, are imperfect, and the male and female blossoms grow on separate plants. The former are in lax panicles, in the axils of the upper leaves: they are small, of a yellowish green colour, each consisting of five stamens surrounded by a perianth of five segments. The females are arranged in rounded heads or spikes on short stalks in the axils of the leaves. The heads are made up of a number of closely-placed bracts, each with two little flowers at its base; and each flower consists of an ovary, enclosed in a scale, with two long, narrow stigmas. After fertilisation the scales of the head grow very large, forming very conspicuous 'cones' in which the little fruits lie concealed. The Hop flowers from July to September, and is common in hedgerows and thickets. Of the several wayside Grasses we have space for the mention of but one species--the interesting Canary Grass (_Phalaris canariensis_). It is a native of South Europe, introduced into this country and cultivated for its seed (canary seed), but is now often seen growing wild in waste places. It is represented on p. 209. [Illustration: _Plate IV._ FLOWERS OF THE FIELD. 1. Rough Cock's-foot Grass. 2. Lucerne. 3. Crimson Clover. 4. Blue Bottle. 5. Common Vetch. 6. Meadow Clary.] XIV MEADOWS, FIELDS AND PASTURES--SUMMER In the present chapter we shall briefly describe a considerable number of flowers which are to be seen in fields and pastures during the summer months; but we must remind the reader that many of the species previously mentioned in Chapter VIII as flowering in similar situations in the spring, continue to bloom during the whole or a portion of the summer. A list of these is given below; and it should be noted that the flowers described in this chapter are those which do not generally commence to bloom till the month of June. SPRING FLOWERS OF MEADOWS, FIELDS AND PASTURES WHICH CONTINUE TO BLOOM IN THE SUMMER. Creeping Buttercup. Bulbous Buttercup. Field Penny Cress. Wild Pansy. Ragged Robin. Spotted Medick. Netted Medick. White Clover. Purple Clover. Earthnut. Daisy. Dandelion. Yellow Rattle. Field Louse-wort. Henbit Dead Nettle. Common Sorrel. Sheep's Sorrel. Twayblade.