As has been remarked by M. S. Fontaine who worked out the results of the last census, “the number of persons employed in industry properly speaking, although it has increased, _has nevertheless absorbed a smaller percentage_ of the loss sustained by the agricultural population than the other categories.”--_Résultats statistiques du recensement des professions_, t. iv., p. 8. [139] _Mutual Aid: a Factor of Evolution._ London (Heinemann), 1902. [140] See Baudrillart’s _Les Populations agricoles de la France: Normandie_. [141] _Le Coton: son régime, ses problèmes._ Paris, 1863, p. 170. [142] _Les Populations agricoles de la France: Normandie._ [143] _Voyage en France._ Paris, 1893-1910 (Berget-Levreau, publishers), 56 volumes already published. [144] Ardouin Dumazet, vol. xvii., p. 242. [145] _Ibid._, vol. xvii., pp. 100, 101. [146] Ardouin Dumazet, vol. xix., p. 10. [147] Ardouin Dumazet, vol. ii., p. 167. [148] In Maine-et-Loire, la Vendée, Loire Inférieure, and Deux-Sèvres. The same revival takes place in Ireland, where the weaving of handkerchiefs in hand-looms is growing in the shape of a small village industry. [149] Ardouin Dumazet, vol. i., p. 117 _et seq._ [150] Twelve thousand in 1906. [151] Ardouin Dumazet, vol. v., p. 270. [152] _Ibid._, vol. v., p. 215. [153] Ardouin Dumazet, vol. v., pp. 259-266. [154] I gave some information about French prison work in a book, _In Russian and French Prisons_, London, 1888. [155] Ardouin Dumazet, vol. ii., p. 51. [156] _Ibid._, vol. i., pp. 305, 306. [157] Ardouin Dumazet, vol. i., p. 52. [158] Prof. Issaieff in the Russian _Memoirs of the Petty Trades Commission_ (_Trudy Kustarnoi Kommissii_), vol. v. [159] Knives are sold at from 6s. 4d. to 8s. per gross, and razors at 3s. 3d. per gross--“for export.” [160] Ardouin Dumazet, vol. i., p. 213 _et seq._ [161] Ardouin Dumazet, vol. viii., p. 40. [162] Interesting details about the small industries of this region will be found in the articles of Ch. Guieysse, in _Pages libres_, 1902, Nos. 66 and 71. [163] Ardouin Dumazet, vol. xxiii., pp. 105, 106. [164] For further details see Appendix U. [165] Ardouin Dumazet, vol. viii., p. 266. [166] Some further details about the Lyons region and St. Etienne are given in Appendix U. [167] In 1873, out of a total population of 1,851,800 inhabiting Paris, 816,040 (404,408 men and 411,632 women) were living on industry, and out of them only 293,691 were connected with the factories (_grande industrie_), while 522,349 were living on the petty trades (_petite industrie_).--Maxime du Camp, _Paris et ses Organes_, vol. vi. It is interesting to note that of late the small workshops where some of the finest work is made in metals, wood, and so on, have begun to be scattered round Paris.