[177] Here is the distribution of workpeople in all the industries, according to the _Annuaire Statistique_ for the year 1909: Artisans working single-handed or with the aid of their families, 165,000 establishments; very small industry, from one to four workpeople, 54,000 establishments, 95,000 workpeople; small industry, from five to forty-nine workpeople per factory, 14,800 establishments, 177,000 employees; middle-sized and great industry, from 50 to 499 workpeople per factory, 1,500 establishments, 250,000 employees; very great industry, above 500 workpeople per factory, 200 establishments, 160,000 employees. Total, 236,000 employers great and small; or 71,000 employers out of 7,000,000 inhabitants if we do not count the independent artisans. [178] When shall we have for the United Kingdom a census as complete as we have it for France, Germany, and Belgium? that is, a census in which the employed and the employers will be counted separately--instead of throwing into one heap the owner of the factory, the managers, the engineers, and the workers--and their distribution in factories of different sizes will be given. [179] _Textile Industries_: Artisans working single or with the aid of their families, 1,437; from one to four workmen, 430 establishments, 949 workpeople; from five to forty-nine workpeople, 774 establishments, 14,051 workers; above fifty, 379 establishments, 66,103 workers. [180] Since 1907 the Russian Government has inaugurated this policy, and has begun to destroy by violence the village community in the interest of the landlord and the protected industries. [181] It appears from the house-to-house inquiry, which embodies 855,000 workers, that the yearly value of the produce which they use to manufacture reaches £21,087,000 (the rouble at 24d.), that is, an average of £25 per worker. An average of £20 for the 7,500,000 persons engaged in domestic industries would already give £150,000,000 for their aggregate production; but the most authoritative investigators consider that figure as below the reality. [182] Some of the produces of the Russian rural industries have lately been introduced in this country, and find a good sale. [183] Prugavin, in the _Vyestnik Promyshlennosti_, June, 1884. See also the excellent work of V. V. (Vorontsoff) _Destinies of Capitalism in Russia_, 1882 (Russia). [184] I may add from my own experience that such is also the opinion of several Manchester employers: “I am saving a great deal by using municipal electric power in my factory, instead of the steam-engine.” I was told by one of the most respected members of the Manchester community: “I pay for motive power according to the number of persons I employ--two hundred at certain times, and fifty in other parts of the year. I need not buy coal and stock it in advance for all the year; I have saved the room that was occupied by the steam-engine; and the room above it is not heated and shaken by the engine as it used to be.” CHAPTER VIII.