(During the last ten years, since the census of 1901, the cultivable area decreased by 323,000 acres, while the urban area increased by 166,710 acres, thus reaching now 4,015,700 acres. Since 1901, 942,000 acres were withdrawn from the plough, 661,000 acres in England, 158,000 in Wales, and 123,000 in Scotland.) The distribution of the area which is actually under the plough between the various crops varies considerably from year to year. Taking 1910 (an average year) we have the following:-- Acres. Corn crops 7,045,530 Clover and mature grasses 4,157,040 Green crops and orchards 2,994,890 Hops 32,890 Small fruit 84,310 Flax 230 Bare fallow, etc. 354,000 Total under culture (including that part of permanent pasture which gives hay) 14,668,890 (In 1901 15,610,890) (In 1895 16,166,950) Out of the 7,045,530 acres given to corn crops, 1,808,850 acres were under wheat (nearly 200,000 acres less than in 1899 and 100,000 acres less than in 1911), 1,728,680 acres under barley (only 1,597,930 in 1911), 3,020,970 acres under oats, about 300,000 under beans, and about 52,000 acres under rye and buckwheat. From 540,000 to 570,000 acres were given to potatoes. The area under clover and sown grasses is steadily declining since 1898, when it was 4,911,000 acres. [47] Only from each 52 acres, out of 308 acres, hay is obtained. The remainder are grazing grounds. [48] That is, thirty to thirty-three bushels on the average; forty bushels in good farms, and fifty in the best. The area under wheat was 16,700,000 acres in 1910, all chief corn crops covering 33,947,000 acres; the cultivated area is 90,300,000 acres, and the aggregate superficies of France, 130,800,000 acres. About agriculture in France, see Lecouteux, _Le blé, sa culture extensive et intensive_, 1883; Risler, _Physiologie et culture du blé_, 1886; Boitet, _Herbages et prairies naturelles_, 1885; Baudrillart, _Les populations agricoles de la Normandie_, 1880; Grandeau, _La production agricole en France_, and _L’agriculture et les institutions agricoles du monde au commencement du vingtième siècle_; P. Compain, _Prairies et paturages_; A. Clément, _Agriculture moderne_, 1906; Augé Laribé, _L’évolution de la France agricole_, 1912; Léonce de Lavergne’s last edition; and so on.