Intellectual property rights - despite their noble title - are
less about the intellect and more about property. This is
Big Money: the markets in intellectual property outweigh
the total industrial production in the world. The aim is to
secure a monopoly on a specific work. This is an
especially grave matter in academic publishing where
small- circulation magazines do not allow their content to
be quoted or published even for non-commercial
purposes. The monopolists of knowledge and intellectual
products cannot allow competition anywhere in the world
- because theirs is a world market. A pirate in Skopje is in
direct competition with Bill Gates. When he sells a pirated
Microsoft product - he is depriving Microsoft not only of
its income, but of a client (=future income), of its
monopolistic status (cheap copies can be smuggled into
other markets), and of its competition-deterring image (a
major monopoly preserving asset). This is a threat which
Microsoft cannot tolerate. Hence its efforts to eradicate
piracy - successful in China and an utter failure in legally-
relaxed Russia.
But what Microsoft fails to understand is that the problem
lies with its pricing policy - not with the pirates. When
faced with a global marketplace, a company can adopt one
of two policies: either to adjust the price of its products to
a world average of purchasing power - or to use
discretionary differential pricing (as pharmaceutical
companies were forced to do in Brazil and South Africa).
A Macedonian with an average monthly income of 160
USD clearly cannot afford to buy the Encyclopaedia
Encarta Deluxe. In America, 50 USD is the income
generated in 4 hours of an average job. In Macedonian
terms, therefore, the Encarta is 20 times more expensive.
Either the price should be lowered in the Macedonian
market - or an average world price should be fixed which
will reflect an average global purchasing power.
Something must be done about it not only from the
economic point of view. Intellectual products are very
price sensitive and highly elastic. Lower prices will be
more than compensated for by a much higher sales
volume. There is no other way to explain the pirate
industries: evidently, at the right price a lot of people are
willing to buy these products. High prices are an implicit
trade-off favouring small, elite, select, rich world
clientele. This raises a moral issue: are the children of
Macedonia less worthy of education and access to the
latest in human knowledge and creation?
Two developments threaten the future of intellectual
property rights. One is the Internet. Academics, fed up
with the monopolistic practices of professional
publications - already publish on the web in big numbers.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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