Bertillon's anthropometric method insufficient before courts-martial, because possible inaccuracies in measurement, and because of allowable errors. But identity acknowledged following coincident indelible marks, when height, age, and hair fairly correspond. That is, Bertillon's collateral evidence is practically primary evidence for such purposes. There is used for each man an outline figure card giving anterior and posterior surfaces, divided by dotted lines into regions. These, showing each permanent mark, are filed alphabetically at the Surgeon-General's office, War Department. As a man goes out for cause, or deserts, his card is placed in a separate file. The cards of recruits are compared with the last-mentioned file. To make this comparison, a register in two volumes is opened, one for light-eyed and one for dark-eyed men. Each is subdivided into a fair number of pages, according to height of entrants, and each page is ruled in columns for body regions. Tattooed and non-tattooed men of similar height and eyes are entered on opposite pages. Recruits without tattoos are not compared with deserters with tattoos; but recruits with tattoos are compared with both classes. On the register S T B M, etc., are used as abbreviations for scar, tattoo, birth-mark, mole, etc. One inch each side of recorded height allowed for variation or defective measurement. When probability of identity appears, the original card is used for comparison. Owing to obstacles in inaugurating new system, its practical working began with 1891, and, to include May 1891 [= 5 months, F.G.], out of sixty-two cases of suspected fraud sixty-one proved real. There was some interesting discussion, both upon this memoir and on a verbal communication concerning the French method, that had been made by M. Jacques Bertillon the statistician, who is a brother of its originator. It appeared that there was room for doubt whether the anthropometric method had received a fair trial in America, the measurements being made by persons not specially trained, whereas in France the establishments, though small, are thoroughly efficient.