=Flight of Lepidoptera.=--Which appears to use more exertion to keep afloat, a bird or a butterfly? Explain why. Of all flying insects which would more probably be found highest up mountains? How does the butterfly suddenly change direction of flight? Does it usually fly in a straight or zigzag course? Advantage of this? Why is zigzag flight unnecessary to moths? Bright colors are protective, as lepidoptera are in greatest danger when at rest on flowers. Are the brightest colors on upper or under side of wings of butterfly? Why? (Think of the colors in a flower.) Why is it better for moths to hold their wings flat out when at rest? Where are moths during the day? How can you test whether the color of the wings is given by the scales? State =how moths and butterflies differ= in respect to: body, wings, feelers, habits; abundance of scales. =Insects and Flowers.=--We are indebted to insects for the bright colors and sweet honey of flowers. Flowers need insects to carry their pollen to other flowers, as cross-fertilization produces the best seeds. The insects need the nectar of the flowers for food, and the bright colors and sweet odors are the advertisements of the flowers to attract insects. There were no flowers in the world before flying insects were developed. Moths, butterflies, and bees carry most pollen (see Plant Biology, Chap. VI). =Comparative Study.=--Make a table like this, occupying entire page of notebook, leaving no margins, and fill in accurately:-- ==========+=========+=========+=========+=========+=========+========= | | | FLY | DRAGON | BEETLE | BEE | GRASS- | BUTTER- | pp. 92, | FLY, | pp. 90, | pp. 88, | HOPPER | FLY | 93 | p. 93 | 91 | 89 ----------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+--------- | | | | | | Number and| | | | | | kind of | | | | | | wings | | | | | | | | | | | | ----------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+--------- | | | | | | Descrip- | | | | | | tion of | | | | | | legs | | | | | | | | | | | | ----------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+--------- | | | | | | Antennæ | | | | | | (length, | | | | | | shape, | | | | | | joints) | | | | | |