If you saw a butterfly on a flower, for what purpose would you think it was there? What, if you saw it on a leaf? How many spots on fore wing of female cabbage butterfly? (Fig. 124, above.) Does the silkworm chrysalis fill its cocoon? Eggs may be obtained from U. S. Dept. of Agriculture. [Illustration: FIG. 149.] [Illustration: FIG. 150.] [Illustration: FIG. 151.] [Illustration: FIG. 152.] [Illustration: FIG. 153.] [Illustration: FIG. 154.] [Illustration: FIG. 155.] [Illustration: FIG. 156.] [Illustration: FIG. 157.] [Illustration: FIG. 158.--Anatomy of bee.] FIGS. 149-161. =Illustrated Study of Bees and their Kindred.=--Head of worker (Fig. 149): _o_, upper lip; _ok_, chewing jaws; _uk_, grasping jaws; _kt_, jaw finger; _lt_, lip finger; _z_, tongue. How do heads of drone (150) and queen (151) differ as to mouth, size of the two compound eyes, size and position of the three simple eyes? Is the head of a worker more like head of drone or head of queen? Judging by the head, which is the queen, drone, and worker in Figs. 154-156? Which of the three is largest? Smallest? Broadest? Figure 152 shows hind leg of worker. What surrounds the hollow, _us_, which serves as pollen basket? The point, _fh_, is a tool for removing wax which is secreted (_c_, Fig. 157) between rings on abdomen. In Fig. 158, find relative positions of heart, _v_, food tube, and nerve chain. Is crop, _J_, in thorax or abdomen? In this nectar is changed to honey, that it may not spoil. Compare nerve chain in Fig. 132. [Illustration: FIG. 159.--Ichneumon fly.] [Illustration: FIG. 160.] [Illustration: FIG. 161.--Wasp using pebble. From Peckham’s “Solitary Wasps,” Houghton, Mifflin & Co.] Compare the cells of _bumble bee_ (Fig. 153) with those of hive bee. They differ not only in shape but in material, being made of web instead of wax, and they usually contain larvæ instead of honey. Only a few of the queens among bumble bees and wasps survive the winter. How do ants and honey bees provide for the workers also to survive the winter? Name all the social insects that you can think of. Do they all belong to the same order? The ichneumon fly shown enlarged in Fig. 159 lays its eggs under a caterpillar’s skin. What becomes of the eggs? The true size of the insect is shown by the cross lines at _a_. The eggs are almost microscopic in size. The pupæ shown (true size) on caterpillar are sometimes mistaken for eggs. The same mistake is made about the pupa cases of ants. Ichneumon flies also use tree-borers as “hosts” for their eggs and larva. Is this insect a friend of man?