A child that is born in a =community of people= may become a railroad
man and carry food and other freight from place to place; so, in
the great =community of cells= (see Fig. 9) making up the human
body, _the red blood cells, like the railroad man_, are employed
in carrying material from place to place. But the community is
old-fashioned, for the citizens build canals instead of railroads
for their commerce (see Fig. 84). Just as a child may grow up to
be a _farmer_ and aid in the conversion of crude soil into things
suitable for the use of man, so _the digestive cells_ take the food
we eat and change it into material with which the cells can build
tissue. Some of the citizens of a community must, at times, take _the
part of soldiers_ and policemen, and protect the community against
the attacks of enemies. _The white blood cells_, already referred
to, may be called the soldiers; for they go to any part attacked by
injurious germs, a particle of poison, or other enemy, and try to
destroy the enemies by devouring or digesting them. At other times
they help to repair a break in the skin. If a splinter gets into the
skin, the white blood cells form a white pus around the splinter
and remove it. In fact, the white blood cell has been referred to
as a kind of _Jack-at-all-trades_. In the human community there are
certain persons who reach the positions of _teachers, lawmakers,
and governors_; they instruct and direct the other members of the
community. Just so, in the community of cells, there are certain
cells called _nerve cells_ (see Fig. 11) that have the duty of
governing and directing the other cells. The nerve cells are most
abundant in the brain. Large cities must have _scavengers_. Likewise
in the human body, a community composed of millions of cells, there
are certain _cells in the skin and the kidneys_ which have this duty.
They are continually removing impurities from the body.[4]
[4] From Coleman’s “Hygienic Physiology,” The Macmillan Co., N.Y.
[Illustration: FIG. 9.--VARIOUS CELLS of the body. (Jegi.) Tiny
citizens of the bodily community.]
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