_Grains_ contain considerable proteid (gluten), but they especially abound in starch. Wheat flour contains more gluten than corn meal, hence it is more sticky, and retains the bubbles of gas so that the dough rises well in bread making. Eggs are sometimes added to corn meal to make it sticky and cause it to rise well. Which grain has the largest percentage of oil? (See Table.) Of starch? Of gluten? Which is poorest in gluten? _Grains may be made to resemble fruit_ by long cooking at a high temperature (300° Fahr.), for their starch is thus changed to _dextrin_, a substance resembling sugar. You learned that the starch of fruit is turned into sugar as the sun ripens it. Dextrin is yellow and gives the dark color to toasted bread. It is changed to sugar almost instantly when brought in contact with saliva. It is used as a paste on postage stamps. _Vegetables contain much water and woody fiber._ _White potatoes_ are underground stems and are _one fifth starch_. Yams, or sweet potatoes, resemble roots, and contain both starch and sugar. _Beans and peas are very nutritious._ They have been called “the lean meat of the vegetable kingdom.” They require boiling for several hours. If the skins are removed by pressing them through a colander, they are very easy of digestion. This _purée_ of beans makes delicious soup. “Hull-less beans” and “split peas” are also sold by grocers. PRACTICAL QUESTIONS.--=1.= Clothing and shelter for man or beast economize what kind of food? =2.= Why should bread remain longer in the mouth than meat? =3.= In snowballing, what is the appearance of the hands when they itch from cold? Extreme cold irritates and congests the stomach more quickly than it does the hands. Why is it that ice water does not satisfy the thirst, but often produces a craving to drink more water? =4.= Should biscuits having a yellow tint or dark spots due to soda be eaten or thrown away? =5.= Why, during an epidemic, are those who have used alcohol as a beverage usually the first to be attacked? =6.= Do you buy more wood (cellulose) when you buy beans or when you buy nuts? (p. 95.) =7.= Do you buy more water when you buy bread or when you buy meat? =8.= Why do people who live in overheated rooms often have poor appetites? (p. 90.) =9.= Explain how the stomach may be weakened by the eating of predigested foods. =10.= Why are deep breathing and exercises that strengthen weak abdominal walls better for the liver than are drugs? (See p. 58.) =11.= Sixty students at the University of Missouri found by doing without supper that their power to work was greater, their health better, and many of them gained in weight. So they ate only two meals thereafter. If sixty plowboys tried the experiment, would the result probably have been the same? =12.= If a person began to eat less at each meal, or only ate one meal a day, yet gained in