(_Endymion_, III. 66 f.) [495] Pliny, IX. 79: “Is (Sergius Orata) primus ... adiudicavit quando eadem aquatilium genera aliubi atque aliubi meliora, sicut lupi pisces in Tiberi amne inter duos pontes ... et alia genera similiter, _ne culinarum censura peragatur_.” See Horace, _Sat._, II. 2, 31 ff. Also Columella, _R.R._, VIII. 16, 4: “Fastidire docuit fluvialem lupum, nisi quem Tiberis adverso torrente defatigasset”; and also Juvenal IV. 139 ff.: “Nulli maior fuit usus edendi Tempestate mea: Circeis nata forent an Lucrinum ad saxum Rutupinove edita fundo Ostrea, callebat primo deprendere morsu, Et semel aspecti litus dicebat echini.” More of the same sort is to be read in Macrob., _Sat._, III. 16, 16-18. [496] Robinson, _op. cit._, p. 45. [497] Æsch., _Proteus, frag._, 211; Nauck^2, and Soph., _Triptolemos_, _frag._ 606, Jebb, _ap._ Poll. 6. 65 and Athen., II. 75. [498] Pauly-Winowa, _Real-Enc._, VII. 841-9, has nine columns on the subject, ending with a bibliography! [499] Horace, _Sat._, II. 4. 73; Martial, III. 77. 5; and V. II., 94. The greatest delicacy of all these mixtures, the so-called _Garum Sociorum_, exported all over the Empire from Carteia, New Carthage, etc., was compounded of the intestines of the Spanish Mackerel. The absence of beard in the Mackerel is accounted for by this fish being convicted of treason against the reigning Monarch, and condemned to perpetual loss of beard. Keller, _op. cit._, 326, omits a reference to this _Fischeprozess_, but cites the habit of writers—especially Bucolic—explaining any natural curiosity by putting into poetic or other shape a legend or Volkslied dealing with the point, _e.g._ Æsop’s fable why the Camel lacks horns. [500] Pliny, XXXI. 43: “singulis milibus nummum permutantibus congios fere binos.” _Ibid._, 44: “transiit deinde in luxuriam creveruntque genera ad infinitum, sicuti garum ad colorem mulsi veteris, adeoque suavitatem dilutum, ut bibi possit.” Cf. Martial, _Ep._, XIII. 82. 2: “Nobile nunc sitio luxuriosa garum, and Cælius Aurelianus” (_De Chronicis, II.; De Paralysi_), on the liquor extracted from the _Scomber_. [501] Cf. XXXI. 44, and XXXII. 25. [502] If O. Keller, _op. cit._, 338, be right in his authorities, Blakey’s, “the praise of Caviare is frequent,” is far astray. Despite the view of Hullmann’s _Handelsgesch. d. Gr._, 149, Athenæus deals merely with _garum_ and _oxygarum_, while the classical cookery books maintain a uniform silence. [503] Athen., III. 90. CHAPTER XV FISH IN SACRIFICES—PICKLED FISH—VIVARIA OF OYSTERS, ETC.—ARCHIMEDES The Feast Day, _Ludi_, of the Tiber fishermen was celebrated on the Campus Martius in June under the management of the _Prætor Urbanus_ with much ceremony. Ovid[504] sings: “Festa dies illis qui lina madentia ducunt, Quique tegunt parvis æra recurva cibis.”