[40:2] Since writing the above I find in Vandal, _L'Avènement de Bonaparte_, p. 20, in Nelson's edition, a phrase about the Revolutionary soldiers: 'Ils se modelaient sur ces Romains . . . sur ces Spartiates . . . et ils créaient un type de haute vertu guerrière, quand ils croyaient seulement le reproduire.' [41:1] Hdt. i. 56 f.; Th. i. 3 (Hellen son of Deucalion, in both). [42:1] Hdt. i. 58. In viii. 44 the account is more detailed. [42:2] The Homeric evidence is, as usual, inconclusive. The word βάρβαροι is absent from both poems, an absence which must be intentional on the part of the later reciters, but may well come from the original sources. The compound βαρβαρόφωνοι occurs in B 867, but who knows the date of that particular line in that particular wording? [42:3] Paper read to the Classical Association at Birmingham in 1908. [43:1] For Korinna see Wilamowitz in _Berliner Klassikertexte_, V. xiv, especially p. 55. The Homeric epos drove out poetry like Corinna's. She had actually written: 'I sing the great deeds of heroes and heroines' (ἰώνει δ' εἱρώων ἀρετὰς χεὶρωιάδων ἀίδω, fr. 10, Bergk), so that presumably her style was sufficiently 'heroic' for an un-Homeric generation. For the change of dialect in elegy, &c., see Thumb, _Handbuch d. gr. Dialekte_, pp. 327-30, 368 ff., and the literature there cited. Fick and Hoffmann overstated the change, but Hoffmann's new statement in _Die griechische Sprache_, 1911, sections on _Die Elegie_, seems just. The question of Tyrtaeus is complicated by other problems. [45:1] The facts are well known: see Paus. i. 18. 7. The inference was pointed out to me by Miss Harrison. [45:2] I do not here raise the question how far the Achaioi have special affinities with the north-west group of tribes or dialects. See Thumb, _Handbuch d. gr. Dialekte_ (1909), p. 166 f. The Achaioi must have passed through South Thessaly in any case. [45:3] That Kronos was in possession of the Kronion and Olympia generally before Zeus came was recognized in antiquity; Paus. v. 7. 4 and 10. Also Mayer in Roscher's Lexicon, ii, p. 1508, 50 ff.; _Rise of Greek Epic_{3}, pp. 40-8; J. A. K. Thomson, Studies in the Odyssey (1914), chap. vii, viii; Chadwick, _Heroic Age_ (1911), pp. 282, 289. [49:1] I do not touch here on the subject of the gradual expurgation of the Poems to suit the feelings of a more civilized audience; see _Rise of the Greek Epic_,{3} pp. 120-4. Many scholars believe that the Poems did not exist as a written book till the public copy was made by Pisistratus; see Cauer, _Grundfragen der Homerkritik_{2}, (1909), pp. 113-45; _R. G. E._,{3} pp. 304-16; Leaf, _Iliad_, vol. i, p. xvi. This view is tempting, though the evidence seems to be insufficient to justify a pronouncement either way. If it is true, then various passages which show a verbal use of earlier documents (like the Bellerophon passage, _R. G. E._,{3} pp. 175 ff.) cannot have been put in before the Athenian period.