[49:2] In his _Zeus, the Indo-European Sky-God_ (1914, 1924). See _R. G. E._,{3} pp. 40 ff. [50:1] A somewhat similar change occurred in Othin, though he always retains more of the crooked wizard. [50:2] _Themis_, chap. i. On the Zeus of Aeschylus cf. _R. G. E._,{3} pp. 277 ff.; Gomperz, _Greek Thinkers_, ii. 6-8. [50:3] Farnell, _Cults_, iv. 100-4. See, however, Gruppe, p. 107 f. [51:1] _Hymn. Ap._ init. Cf. Wilamowitz's Oxford Lecture on 'Apollo' (Oxford, 1907). [51:2] _Themis_, p. 439 f. Cf. ὁ Ἀγοραῖος. Other explanations of the name in Gruppe, p. 1224 f., notes. [51:3] Hdt. i. 147; Plato, _Euthyd._ 302 c: _Socrates_. 'No Ionian recognizes a Zeus Patrôos; Apollo is our Patrôos, because he was father of Ion.' [52:1] See Gruppe, p. 1206, on the development of his 'Philistine thunderstorm-goddess'. [52:2] Hoffmann, _Gesch. d. griechischen Sprache_, Leipzig, 1911, p. 16. Cf. Pind. _Ol._ vii. 35; Ov. _Metam._ ix. 421; xv. 191, 700, &c. [53:1] As to the name, Ἁθηναία is of course simply 'Athenian'; the shorter and apparently original form Ἀθάνα, Ἀθήνη is not so clear, but it seems most likely to mean 'Attic'. Cf. Meister, _Gr. Dial._ ii. 290. He classes under the head of Oertliche Bestimmungen: ἁ θεὸς ἁ Παφία (Collitz and Bechtel, _Sammlung der griechischen Dialekt-Inschriften_, 2, 3, 14{a}, {b}, 15, 16). 'In Paphos selbst hiess die Göttin nur ἁ θεός oder ἁ ϝάνασσα;--ἁ θιὸς ἁ Γολγία (61)--ἁ θιὸς ἁ Ἀθάνα ἁ πὲρ Ἠδάλιον (60, 27, 28), 'die Göttin, die Athenische, die über Edalion (waltet)'; 'Ἀθ-άνα ist, wie J. Baunack (_Studia Nicolaitana_, s. 27) gezeigt hat, das Adjectiv zu (*Ἀσσ-ίς 'Seeland'): Ἀττ-ίς; Ἀτθ-ίς; *Ἀθ-ίς; also Ἀθ-άνα = Ἀττ-ική, Ἀθ-ῆναι ursprünglich Ἀθ-ῆναι κῶμαι.' Other derivations in Gruppe, p. 1194. Or again αἱ Ἀθῆναι may be simply 'the place where the Athenas are', like οἱ ἰχθύες, the fish-market; 'the Athenas' would be statues, like οἱ Ἑρμαῖ--the famous 'Attic Maidens' on the Acropolis. This explanation would lead to some interesting results. We need not here consider how, partly by identification with other Korae, like Pallas, Onka, &c., partly by a genuine spread of the cult, Athena became prominent in other cities. As to Homer, Athena is far more deeply imbedded in the _Odyssey_ than in the _Iliad_. I am inclined to agree with those who believe that our _Odyssey_ was very largely composed in Athens, so that in most of the poem Athena is original. (Cf. O. Seeck, _Die Quellen der Odyssee_ (1887), pp. 366-420; Mülder, _Die Ilias and ihre Quellen_ (1910), pp. 350-5.) In some parts of the _Iliad_ the name Athena may well have been substituted for some Northern goddess whose name is now lost.