Flag and Fleet: How the British Navy Won the Freedom of the SeasWood, William
History
Flag and Fleet: How the British Navy Won the Freedom of the Seas
Wood, William
Great Britain -- History, Naval; Sea-power
In 1585 London was all agog about Sir Francis Drake again; for he was
to command the "Indies Voyage" against New Spain, with Frobisher, of
North-West-Passage fame, as his Vice-Admiral, and Knollys, the Queen's
own cousin, as Rear-Admiral. There were twenty-one ships and
twenty-three hundred men; with Carleill, a first-class general, to
command the soldiers ashore. Drake's crew of the _Golden Hind_ came
forward to a man, among them gigantic Tom Moone, the lion of the
boarding parties. It is quite likely that Shakespeare went down with
the crowds of Londoners who saw the fleet set sail from Woolwich; for
the famous London vessel, _Tiger_, which he mentions both in _Macbeth_
and in _Twelfth Night_, was one of Drake's fleet.
Drake's written plan proves that he was not only a daring raider but a
very great admiral as well. It marked down for attack all the places
in New Spain the taking of which would knock the sea trade there to
pieces, because they were the same by sea as railway junctions are by
land. More than this, he planned to hold Havana, so that the junctions
he destroyed could not be made to work again, as from there he could
pounce on working parties anywhere else.
Drake first swooped down on San Domingo in Hayti, battering the walls
from the sea while Carleill attacked them by land. The Spaniards had
been on their guard, so no treasure was found. Drake therefore put the
town to ransom and sent his Maroon servant to bring back the Spanish
answer. But the Spanish messenger ran his lance into the Maroon and
cantered away. The Maroon dragged himself back and fell dead at
Drake's feet. Drake sent word to say he would hang two Spaniards a day
till the one who had killed his Maroon was hanged himself. No answer
having come in next morning, two Spanish friars were strung up. Then
the offender was brought in and hanged by the Spaniards in front of
both armies. After this Drake burnt a fresh bit of the town each day
till the Spaniards paid the ransom.
The next dash was for Cartagena on the mainland of South America. The
Spaniards felt safe from a naval attack here, as the harbour was very
hard to enter, even with the best of Spanish pilots. But Drake did
this trick quite easily without any pilot at all; and, after puzzling
the Spaniards by his movements, put Carleill ashore in the dark just
where the English soldiers could wade past the Spanish batteries under
cover at the weakest spot. When Carleill reached the barricade his
musketeers fired into the Spaniards' faces and wheeled off to let the
pikemen charge through. After a fierce hand-to-hand fight the
Spaniards ran. The town gave in next day. Having been paid its ransom
Drake sailed for the Spanish settlement of St. Augustine in Florida and
utterly destroyed it, then went on to Sir Walter Raleigh's colony of
Roanoke, in what is now North Carolina, and thence home.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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