Nubia (deserts & between Suakin & Berber); Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, 21° N. Lat.); Dongola Prov. (Dongola to Merowe); Berber Prov. (Abu Hamad, banks of the Nile & Mesherif); Khartoum Prov. (Khartoum & Wad Shellai); Blue Nile Prov.; Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan Prov. Used in native medicine as a purgative. =E. sanguinea= _Hochst._ & _Steud._ Prostrate weed. Leaves opposite, under ½ in. long, oblong or obliquely elliptic, very oblique at base, rounded at apex, often with a red spot. Infl. as above; invol. campanulate, minute; rim-glands 4, appendages narrow, usually 2-3 lobed. Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, 21° N. Lat.). =E. prostrata= _Ait._ Small prostrate weed, puberulous on upper side. Leaves up to ⅓ in. long, oblong to elliptic, more or less toothed, rounded at apex. Infl. as above; invol. campanulate, minute; rim-glands 4, minute, with appendage just exceeding the margin or obsolete. Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, 21° N. Lat.). =E. crotonoides= _Boiss._ Erect herb, 1-2 ft. high, with narrow wings decurrent from short, flat petioles. Leaves alternate, except at forking of flowering branches, linear to lanceolate, ¾-3 in. long, irregularly serrate. Flowering branches raceme-like, 1½-8 in. long. Invol. sessile or subsessile, solitary, woolly, pubescent; rim-glands 4, distinctly stalked, entire, red or purple. Capsules with long, soft, spreading hairs. Kordofan Prov. (El Obeid); Kordofan Prov. =E. bongensis= _Kotschy_ & _Peyr._ Bushy herb, up to 1 ft. high, with perennial rhizome. Leaves alternate, linear, ½-1½ in. long. Invol. solitary, terminal, minute, subsessile; rim-glands 4-5; 2-lipped or obliquely funnel-shaped. Capsules velvety. Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur River, Kutshook Ali’s Zariba). =E. arabica= _Hochst._ & _Steud._ Erect, glabrous annual. Leaves opposite, short petiolate, linear, ½-1 in. long, straight or curved. Infl. on axillary peduncle-like branchlets or on peduncles, up to ⅓ in. long, with 2-3 invol. and sometimes one in axil at base; invol. minute; rim-glands 4, minute, appendages inconspicuous or none. Red Sea Prov. (J. Waratab & 21° N. Lat.); Kassala Prov. (Goz Regeb). =E. dracunculoides= _Lam._ Erect, glabrous annual, 3-12 in. high. Leaves opposite above, alternate below, sessile linear or linear-lanceolate, ⅓-2 in. long. Invol. solitary at forks or ends of branches, minute; rim-glands minute, narrowly oblong or half-moon shaped, 2-horned. Red Sea Prov. (Soturba, Suakin 21° N. Lat.). It yields a clear oil, used as drying-oil and for burning. The fruit is said to remove warts. =E. acalyphoides= _Hochst._ Annual, 6-15 in. high. Leaves alternate, elliptic or elliptic-oblong, ¾-1¾ in. long; petals ¼-1¼ in. long. Peduncles axillary, shorter than petals, bearing 1-3 sessile invol., which are minute; glands elliptic or elliptic-oblong, pubescent. White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan & Darfur Provinces. =E. macrophylla= _Pax._