Large, much branched tree, finely pubescent above. Leaves opp., simple, coriaceous, ovate or variable in shape, 2-3 in. long, thinly white- pubescent beneath. Fl. small, polygamous, in axillary panicles shorter than leaves; calyx 3-5 lobed; petals 4-5 free, st. 4-5, filaments monadelphous, ovary 1-celled. Red Sea Prov. (Khors Ashat & Gateb); Dongola Prov. (Wadi El Merakh); Kordofan Prov. The flowers and leaves are used to perfume water. 367 =Salvadora persica= _Linn._ EL RAK, ARAKA & SHAU—Arab; KURREH & LUFARI—Bari; ASHWEL or KWUIL (Mongalla Prov.); ASHWAL (Renk), AGOWYAK-WYAK (Kaka) & AKIUL (Meshra El Zeraf)—Dinka; PAU & KWIL—Nuer; OBAILOH—Shilluk. The Mustard tree. Diffuse shrub or small tree, glabrous. Leaves opp. entire, coriaceous, oblong, 2-3 in. long. Fl. very small, greenish-white in panicles from ends of branches or axillary, 4-merous; st. free. Throughout the Sudan. The leaves when chewed taste like mustard. The twigs are extensively used by natives as tooth-brushes (called MISWAK in Arabic). The seeds yield a bright green oil. A decoction of the bark is used as a vesicant. The berries are eaten. The tree is said to yield a resin which is useful in manufacture of varnish. =OLACACEÆ.= 368 =Ximenia americana= _Linn._ KALTO, ALANKUWE, ABUKHAMEIRA, MIDEKA (Baggara)—Arab; EIL HĀSAL—Hadendowa; DILLUM (J. Daier), NALTI (Dilling), DUNGUR (J. Eliri) & TINDURE (Kadugli)—Nuba; MELAT—Dinka; ALEMA—Jur; ALIMU, KRUPU & RUPU—Golo; BIBI—Hameg; M’VOLO—Bongo. Shrub, or more rarely small tree, armed with sharp spines. Leaves alternate, simple, entire, oval, 1-2 in. long. Flowers white, in short- stalked racemes; stamens 8-10; ovary 4-celled. Fruit a drupe, ab. 1 in. diam., yellow when ripe, acidulated, edible. Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit); Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Fung; White Nile, Kordofan & Bahr El Ghazal Provinces; Bahr El Jebel (Madi). The wood is used as a substitute for Sandalwood; it is very heavy and close grained; the bark is employed for tanning leather. The fruit is eaten, and is useful in cases of habitual constipation and gastric troubles. The kernel yields a white vegetable butter (Wood). =OPILIACEÆ.= 369 =Opilia amentacea= _Roxb._ KAYU—Bari; KIUNGWAN (Mongalla)—Dinka; ZEBALABA—Golo. Climbing shrub; branchlets finely pubescent. Leaves lanceolate to ovate- lanceolate, often sub-falcate. Flowers minute; yellow in axillary, bracteate spikes, pentamerous. Fruit a drupe, ovoid, ab. ½ in. long. Fung Prov.; White Nile Prov.; Nuba Mts. Prov. (near Dilling); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (two varieties); Mongalla Prov. =LORANTHACEÆ.= 370 =Loranthus curviflorus= _Benth._