385 =Boswellia papyrifera= _A. Rich._ ROTARO, or RUTRUT, TAKTAK (Abu Gibeiha) or TARAKTARAK (Talodi) (Baggara), GAFĀL—Arab; HĀDA (Dilling) & LAGI (J. Eliri)—Nuba; GULGULA—Hameg. Called “Elephant tree” by Europeans because elephants feed on it. Tree with imparipinnate leaves and papery bark, often found on quartzitic soils. Flowers pink, in umbellate racemes, appearing before the leaves, hermaphrodite; stamens 10. Capsule trigonous, 1 in. long. Fung Prov.; Nuba Mts. Prov., Darfur Province. Yields a fragrant resin. 386 =Commiphora Opobalsamum= _Engl._ Spineless shrub or small tree. Leaflets 3-5, entire or slightly undulate; leaves scattered or in fascicles. Flowers small, fascicled. Red Sea Prov. (Suakin). Yields the “Mecca Balsam” or “Balm of Gilead.” It is much used in Cairo as medicine. The fruit is considered a powerful carminative and digestive. =C. erythræa= _Engl._ Small tree. Leaflets 3, obovate, pubescent, the terminal one about 1½ in. long, crenulate. Fruits subglobose, pubescent, about ⅓ in. long. Red Sea Prov. (coast). =C. quadricincta= _Schweinfth._ Small bushy tree, growing on rocky hills; branches spiny. Leaves simple, ovate-elliptic, rounded at the apex, 1¼ in. long, ½-¾ in. broad, glabrous, long-stalked. Fruits 4-winged. Kassala Prov. (J. Erimbat at Goz Regeb). =C. abyssinica= _Engl._ Small tree with spiny branches. Leaves trifoliolate but sessile or subsessile and thus appearing simple; leaflets obovate, crenate, glabrous, about 1¼ in. long. Fruit ovoid, acute, ⅓ in. long, glabrous. Kassala Prov. (near J. Langeb); Red Sea Prov. (J. Shabba, south of Suakin). =C. africana= _Engl._ GAFĀL—Arab; KIRBI (Dilling)—Nuba; TOWOLLO—Burun. Small spiny tree. Leaves usually 3-fol.; leaflets cuneate, broadly crenate-serrate. Flowers fasciculate. Drupe subglobose, slightly oblique. Kordofan & Nuba Mts. Provinces. The resin is a form of Bdellium, a drug resembling Myrrh. =C. pedunculata= _Engl._ LUBAN—Arab; HĀDA (Dilling)—Nuba; DAMFULAN—Hameg. Small tree. Leaves more or less fascicled at extremities; leaflets 5-11, serrate-dentate, pubescent. Flowers in pedunculate, axillary, few- flowered cymes. Fung, Kordofan, Nuba Mts. & Bahr El Ghazal Provinces. Yields a resin similar to Olibanum. 387 =Canarium Schweinfurthii= _Engl._ Large tree with imparipinnate leaves; leaflets oblong, acuminate, subcordate at the base, about 6 in. long and 1½ in. broad, softly pubescent on the nerves below. Flowers in panicles with large bracts. Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: by the Yuru River); Lado District. The sap-wood is whitish, the heart-wood rose-colour, similar to a Khaya; useful for carpentry. The resin is used by the Niamniam for torches, and when ground down with oil for anointing the body. Fruit eaten. =MELIACEÆ.= 388 =Turræa Vogelii= _Hook. f._