Shrubby herb, 2-3 ft. high. Leaves ovate acuminate, variable in size. Fl. solitary or in pairs, 5-merous; cor. white or pale yellow. Berry spindle-shaped, red. Fung, Bahr El Ghazal & Kordofan Provinces (cultivated). =C. annuum= _Linn._ FILFIL AHMAR—Arab. Cayenne Pepper. Much like above. Cor. lobes 5-6, greenish-white. Berry oblong-linear, under 1½ in. long. Cultivated in various parts. Fruit, picked green or when ripe, is used to make sauces. It is also dried and ground for use like Cayenne pepper. 611 =Lycopersicum esculentum= _Mill._ BANADURO or TOMATUM—Arab. Tomato Plant. Cultivated throughout the country. 612 =Withania somnifera= _Dun._ MORGAN, SIM EL FAR, SAKARAN, FOQQESH—Arab; MEIKA-IS—Hadendowa. Large bushy or decumbent herb, growing in swampy ground, often on termite mounds. Leaves ovate or variable, up to 2½ in. long, tomentose. Fl. 4-6 in axillary fascicles, 5-merous; calyx campanulate, much enlarged in fruit; cor. pale-green, under ¼ in. long. Berry globose, ¼ in. diam. Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit, Sinkat); Kassala Prov.; Dongola Prov. (Merowe); Fung Prov. (Roseires); Kordofan Prov. (Bara); Darfur Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (Kodok); Bahr El Ghazal & Mongalla Provinces. The seeds are used to coagulate milk. The root is said to have tonic and diuretic properties. 613 =Lycium persicum= _Miers._ SAMŪNAT—Rashida; TISHANU—Hadendowa. Shrub; shortened branches often spiny. Leaves spathulate-obovate or oblong, ¼-¾ in. long. Fl. solitary, tubular, 5-merous; cor. blue-purple, ¾ in. long. Berries globose, scarlet. Red Sea Prov. The scarlet berries are said to be eaten. 614 =Datura Stramonium= _Linn._ SAKARAN—Arab; TARME (Dilling)—Nuba. The Thorn-apple. Bushy herb or undershrub. Leaves ovate, coarsely toothed or lobed, up to 9 in. long. Fl. solitary in forks of branches, 5-merous; cor. white, 3-4 in. long, tubular-funnel-shaped. Caps. 2 in. long, echinate, ovoid. Kassala Prov. (Gallabat, Matamma); Dongola Prov.; Berber Prov.; Khartoum Prov.; Blue Nile Prov.; Kordofan Prov.; Nuba Mts. Prov. (Dilling). The seeds are poisonous and a powerful narcotic. The active principles are Hyoscyamine and a small quantity of Scopolamine. =D. Metel= _Linn._ More pubescent; flowers larger than above. Khartoum, Kordofan & Darfur Provinces. Poisonous; similar to _D. Stramonium_. 615 =Hyoscyamus muticus= _Linn._ SAKARAN—Arab. Stout leafy herb, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves broadly lanceolate, 4-6 in. long, entire or dentate; petiole 1½-2½ in. long, winged. Fl. axillary and in unilateral scorpioid terminal spikes or racemes, 5-merous; calyx accrescent; cor. greenish-white tipped with purple. Caps. subglobose. Dongola Province. A powerful narcotic drug, the toxic principles are Hyoscyamine and Hyosine. 616 =Nicotiana Tabacum= _Linn._ DUKHĀN—Arab; TABBA—Bongo; TĀB & TABBO—Dinka; TOL—Nuer; GUNDEH—Zande. Tobacco Plant.