Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Fung Prov.; Kordofan Prov.; Darfur Prov. (Kulme). It is said to be the favourite food of Oryx leucoryx and of camels. =B. edulis= _Pers._ Bushy woody herb. Leaves 4-nate, up to 2 in. long, 1 pair smaller, oblong or narrow elliptic, spinescent. Fl. in strobilate spikes up to 4 in. long; bracts 1½ in. long, ovate, acuminate, recurved, spiny; cor. blue, ¾ in. long. Caps. ¼ in. long; seeds 2, hygroscopic. Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L., coastland); Nubia (between North Atbara, Khors in Desert); Khartoum Prov. (rocky hills); Kordofan Prov. A good camel fodder. 677 =Acanthus arboreus= _Forsk._ Stout shrub, up to 20 ft. high. Leaves spinous lobed or sub-pinnatifid, up to 12 × 6 in. Spikes 1-3, terminal, up to 10 in. long, by 2 in. broad; bracts 1½ in. long, spinous as well as (2) bracteoles; calyx spiny, 4-fid; cor. rose or pale purple, 1¾ in. long, 1-lipped. Caps. ¾ in. long; seeds glabrous. Blue Nile Prov. (Fazoghli). =A. montanus= _T. Anders._ Up to 3 ft. high, otherwise much as above, but flowers and capsule larger and leaves caudate. Mongalla Prov. (Yei River); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land). 678 =Barleria candida= _Nees._ Prickly undershrub with long white tubular flowers. Seeds shaggy, hygroscopic as all in this genus. Khartoum Prov. (rocky hills). =B. Prionitis= _Linn._ Bushy herb, ab. 18 in. high. Leaves elliptic, usually ab. 3-4 in. long with fascicles of spines at their base. Fl. axillary, solitary or 2 together; cor. buff-coloured, 2-lipped, 1-1½ in. long. Caps. ovoid, beaked, 2-seeded. Nuba Mts. Prov. (J. Daier). It is said to yield a gum. In India the juice of the leaves is used in catarrhal affections of children. It is also used to harden the feet and thus prevent the soles from cracking. =B. diacantha= _Nees._ Very similar to preceding but spines often paired and about 1 in. long. No locality (fide Mrs. Crowfoot). =B. trispinosa= _Vahl._ OT-HAUK—Hadendowa. Bushy herb; interpetiolar spines 2-3 together, up to 1 in. long. Fl. in terminal imbricate heads 1-2 in. long, yellow, 2-lipped, otherwise as above. Red Sea Prov. (near Erkowit). =B. grandicalyx= _Lindau._ Hispid herb, 1 ft. high. Leaves obovate-oblong, 2 in. long; interpet. spines ⅓ in. long. Fl. solitary; calyx ¾ in. spinous; cor. pale blue, tube ¾ in. long. Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Gir, Wau, Mittu-land: Rohl River); Upper White Nile Prov. =B. acanthoides= _Vahl._ Prickly, densely white-hairy undershr. Leaves elliptic-oblong, 1-2 in. long; interpet. spines 2-4 together. Racemes 2-8 fl., scorpioid; bracts spinous; cor. white; tube 3 in. long; lobes ⅓ in. long. Caps. ½ in., seeds 4. Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L.); Khartoum Prov.; Darfur Prov. (J. Barkin). =B. spinulosa= _Klotzsch._