heinous murders, robberies, felonies, depredations, riots and other great trespasses upon the King our Sovereign lord's true and faithful liege people and subjects, inhabiters and dwellers within the shires of Northumberland, Cumberland, and Westmoreland, Exhamshire [_sic_], the bishopric of Durham and in a part of Yorkshire, in which treasons, murders, robberies, felonies, and other the premises, have not in time past in any manner of form been punished after the order and course of the common law, by reason of such franchise as was used within the same while it was in the possession of any other lord or lords than our Sovereign lord, and thus for lack of punishment of these treasons, murders, robberies and felonies, the King's true and faithful liege people and subjects, inhabiters and dwellers within the shires and places before rehearsed, cannot be in any manner of surety of their bodies or goods, neither yet lie in their own houses, but either to be murdered or taken or carried into Scotland and there ransomed, to their great destruction of body and goods, and utter impoverishing for ever, unless due and hasty remedy be had and found," it is therefore provided that North and South Tynedale shall from thenceforth be gildable, and part of the shire of Northumberland, that no franchise shall stand good there, and the King's writ shall run, and his officers and all their warrants be obeyed there as in every other part of that shire. Further, lessees of lands within the bounds are to enter into recognisances in two sureties to appear and answer all charges. [244] See my _Ethnology in Folklore_, cap. vi. [245] Hickson, _North Celebes_, 240. [246] Mitchell's _Australian Expeditions_, i. 246. [247] See my _Village Community_, 18; Stewart's _Highlanders of Scotland_, i. 147, 228. [248] _Notes and Queries_, second series, iv. 487. [249] Wild, _Highlands, Orcadia and Skye_, 196. [250] The psychology of primitive races is now receiving scientific attention, thanks chiefly to Dr. Haddon and the scholars who accompanied him upon his Torres Straits expedition in 1898. The volume of the memoirs of this expedition which relates to psychology has already been published, and students should consult it as an example of scientific method. [251] One is reminded of the famous Shakespearian emendation whereby Falstaff on his death-bed "babbled o' green fields." [252] Shortland, _New Zealanders_, 107. An Algonquin backbone story is quoted by MacCulloch, _Childhood of Fiction_, 92, and he says, "the spine is held by many people to be the seat of life," 93 and _cf._ III. _Cf._ Frazer, _Adonis, Attis, and Osiris_, 277. [253] _Gent. Mag. Lib._, _Popular Superstitions_, 122. [254] _County Folklore, Suffolk_, 2. [255] _Hardwick's Science Gossip_, vi. 281; _cf._ Worsaae, _Danes and Norwegians_, 25. [256] _Journ. Asiatic Soc., Bengal_, xiv. 479.