[153] See _Life and Writings_ by Oliver Elton, ii. 224. [154] _Governance of London_, 110-113. [155] _Celtic Heathendom_, 125-133. [156] See Bathurst, _Roman Antiquities of Lydney Park_, plates viii., xiii., for the famous example dealt with by Sir John Rhys; and Stuart, _Caledonia Romana_, 309, plate ix. fig. 2, for a dedication to the "Deities of Britain." [157] See his _Stonehenge and Other British Stone Monuments_, chap. xxii. [158] See _Folklore_, xv. 306-311, for the Greek evidence; and xvii. 30, 164, for the Irish evidence. [159] Frazer, _Golden Bough_ (2nd ed.), iii. 236-316. Mr. Frazer, however, is inclined to review his explanation of bonfires as sun-charms; see his _Adonis, Attis and Osiris_, 151, note 4. [160] The specialisation of the fire cult is illustrated by the Hindu myth of the Angiras, see Wilson, _Rig Veda Sanhita_, i. p. xxix. [161] Gummere, _Germanic Origins_, 400-2. [162] It will be convenient to give the references for the various details of savage life in Britain. The original extracts are all given in _Monumenta Historica Britannica_ and in Giles' _History of Ancient Britons_, vol. ii. Ireland--cannibalism: Strabo, iv. cap. 5, 4, p. 201, Diodoros, v. 32; promiscuous intercourse: Strabo; birth ceremony: Solinus, xxii. Scotland--human sacrifice: Solinus, xxii.; promiscuous intercourse, Solinus, cap. xxii., Xiphilinus from Dio in _Mon. Brit. Hist._, p. lx., and St. Jerome adv. Jovin., v. ii. 201; nakedness, Herodian in _Mon. Brit. Hist._, p. lxiv, and Xiphilinus, _ibid._, p. lx. Britain--head-hunting, Strabo, iv. 1-4, pp. 199-201, Diodoros, v. 29; tattooing, Cæsar, _De bello Gallico_, v. 12, Pliny, _Nat. Hist._, xxii. i. (2); promiscuous intercourse, Cæsar, _ibid._, v. 14, Xiphilinus in _Mon. Brit. Hist._, p. lvii. [163] _History of England under the Anglo-Saxon Kings_, i. 14. [164] Innes' _Critical Essay_, 45, 51, 56, 240. [165] O'Curry's _Manners and Customs of Ancient Irish_, i. p. vi. Dr. Whitley Stokes has criticised O'Curry's translations as bad, "not from ignorance, but to a desire to conceal a fact militating against theories of early Irish civilisation."--_Revue Celtique_, iii. 90-101. [166] Turner, _Hist. of Anglo-Saxons_, i. 64-74; Palgrave, _Eng. Com._, i. 467-8. [167] Giles' _History of Anc. Britons_, i. 231, referring to parallel customs among the Chinese. [168] Elton, _Origins of English History_, 82. [169] Rhys, _Celtic Britain_, 55. [170] _Celtic Heathendom_, 320, note. [171] I have dealt with this in my _Ethnology in Folklore_, 36-40. [172] Skene, _Celtic Scotland_, i. 59, 84. [173] Pearson, _Hist. of England during the Early and Middle Ages_, i. 15, 21, 35. [174] Ramsay, _Foundations of England_, i. 9, 11, 30. [175] Lang, _Hist. of Scotland_, i. 3-5. [176] Joyce, _Social Hist. of Ireland_, i. 19.