------------------------------------+-----------+-----------+--------- | | | Entire | Seeds. | Husks. | Fruit. ------------------------------------+-----------+-----------+--------- | per cent. | per cent. |per cent. Water and volatile matter at 100° | 8·12 | 14·75 | 11·94 Nitrogenous substances, as protein | 18·31 | 10·69 | 13·88 Fat | 28·54 | 5·48 | 15·26 Ethereal extract (free of nitrogen) | 24·33 | 38·73 | 32·63 Fibre | 17·50 | 23·73 | 21·09 Ash | 3·20 | 6·62 | 5·20 Nitrogen | 2·93 | 1·71 | 2·22 ------------------------------------+-----------+-----------+--------- A commercial brand of the same article had the following composition:-- Per cent. Volatile at 100° 12·69 Nitrogenous substances, as protein 13·19 Ethereal extract 13·35 Ash 7·14 The organic adulterants sometimes met with in cayenne (flour, mustard seed, husks, etc.), are detected by means of the microscope. Among the mineral substances said to be employed as colouring agents, such as iron ochre, brick-dust, red lead, and vermilion, the two former are of more frequent occurrence, and may be recognised upon an examination of the ash obtained by the incineration of the sample. An adulterant of pepper, known in the trade as “Poivrette” or “Pepperette,” has recently made its appearance in England. It forms a cream-coloured powder, much resembling the inner layer of the pepper-berry in bulk and cellular structure, is exported from Italy, and evidently consists of ground olive-stones, as is indicated by the following analyses, made by J. Campbell Brown:[146]-- ---------------------+-----+----------+----------+----------+--------- | | Matters |Albuminous| Woody | | | Soluble | and | Fibre | | |by boiling| other |Insoluble | | | in | matters | in Acid | | | Dilute | Soluble | and | |Ash. | Acid. |in Alkali.| Alkali. | Starch. ---------------------+-----+----------+----------+----------+--------- White pepperette |1·33 | 38·32 | 14·08 | 48·48 | None Black pepperette |2·47 | 34·55 | 17·66 | 47·69 | „ Ground almond shells |2·05 | 23·53 | 24·79 | 51·68 | „ Ground olive stones |1·61 | 39·08 | 15·04 | 45·38 | „ ---------------------+-----+----------+----------+----------+---------