Pepper, 243 ---- adulteration of, 244 ---- analysis of, 245 ---- ash of, 244 ---- cayenne, 247 ---- composition of, 243 ---- starch in, 246 Pepperette, 248 Phosphates in beer, 147 ---- ---- bread, 89 ---- ---- wine, 176 Photogravures of leaves, 18 ---- ---- water, 217 ---- ---- polariscope, 112 ---- ---- tea, 17 ---- ---- tea plant, _Frontispiece_. Photo-micrographs of butter, 79 ---- ---- cream, 61 ---- ---- digestion of fats, 82 ---- ---- fats, 79 ---- ---- milk, 61 ---- ---- oleomargarine, 79 ---- ---- spices, 252 ---- ---- starches, 100 Pickles, 232 Picric acid, 153 Polariscope, 112 Polarisation of beer, 148 ---- ---- honey, 123 ---- ---- glucose, 118 ---- ---- lactose, 59 ---- ---- sugar, 112 ---- ---- wine, 171 Poplar leaves, 18 Preservatives in beer, 149, 156 ---- ---- butter, 77 ---- ---- milk, 61 ---- ---- wine, 177 Preserved milk, 53 Prussian blue in candy, 131 ---- ---- coffee, 40 ---- ---- tea, 14 Ptomaines in ice cream, 62 ---- ---- milk, 62 Q. Quassia in beer, 152 R. Raisin wine, 168 Reichert’s test, 73 “Rock and rye” drops, 129 Rose leaves, 18 Rum, 190 S. St. Andrew’s cross in fats, 79 Sal aeratus, 101 Salicine in beer, 137 Salt in beer, 147 ---- ---- butter, 65 Salicylic acid in beer, 149 ---- ---- wine, 175 Sand in tea, 14 Soda water syrups, 257 Specific gravity of beer, 142 ---- ---- butter, 63, 68 ---- ---- fats, 68 ---- ---- milk, 50, 53 ---- ---- oils, 232 ---- ---- spirits, 185-189 ---- ---- tables, 55, 144, 145, 196 ---- ---- vinegar, 226 ---- ---- wine, 159 Spices, 249 ---- microscopic examination of, 249 Standards for beer, 148 ---- ---- butter, 72, 74, 75 ---- ---- cocoa, 46 ---- ---- milk, 59, 60 ---- ---- tea, 25 ---- ---- water, 213, 214 Standards for wine, 184 Starch, 99 ---- estimation of, 99 ---- granules, 100 ---- in mustard, 240 ---- in pepper, 246 ---- photo-micrographs of, 100 ---- in spices, 252 Strychnine in beer, 151 Sugar, 104 ---- adulteration of, 107 ---- analysis of, 109 ---- ash of, 110 ---- cane, 104 ---- fruit, 105 ---- grape, 105, 119 ---- invert, 104 ---- malt, 107 ---- maple, 109 ---- milk, 59, 107 ---- tin salts in, 107 Sulphates in wine, 176 Sulphuric acid in vinegar, 228 ---- ---- wine, 176 Syrups, adulteration of, 108 ---- glucose, 108 T.