Foods and Their Adulteration: Origin, Manufacture, and Composition of Food Products; Description of Common Adulterations, Food Standards, and National Food Laws and RegulationsWiley, Harvey Washington
Science
Foods and Their Adulteration: Origin, Manufacture, and Composition of Food Products; Description of Common Adulterations, Food Standards, and National Food Laws and Regulations
Wiley, Harvey Washington
Food; Food adulteration and inspection
=Crawfish.=--The crawfish may be regarded as a fresh-water lobster. It
is found practically over the whole of the United States in the fresh
waters but is not used to any extent for food purposes, except on the
Pacific coast. It contains even a less proportion of edible matter
than the lobster. The refuse, shell, etc., form about five-sixths of
its weight. In the edible portion the water constitutes 81.22 percent,
while the solid matters are only 18.78 percent.
_Composition of the Water-free Substance of the Crayfish._--
Protein, 85.19 percent
Fat, 2.45 „
Ash, 6.98 „
=Canned Lobster, Clams, and Crabs.=--As in the case of oysters, there
is a large industry in the United States engaged in the canning of
the flesh of lobsters, clams, and crabs. The same precautions should
be observed in the eating of these canned products as those mentioned
in the case of salmon. Numerous instances of illness and sometimes of
death have been recorded as the result of eating these canned products
which have been imperfectly sterilized. When the flesh is canned
immediately after the capture of the animal, before any incipient
decomposition has taken place and when the sterilization is perfect,
the canned product can be eaten without fear. Where the health of the
people is so seriously involved, the factories where these products
are prepared should be carefully inspected either by the municipal,
state, or federal authorities. All material used in canning which is
not perfectly fresh from the water is to be rejected and the processes
employed in the preparation and sterilization must be those which will
effectively secure a complete immunity from subsequent fermentation and
the development of ptomain products.
_Composition of Canned Lobster (Dry Substance)._--
Protein, 81.46 percent
Fat, 4.64 „
Ash, 11.23 „
As seen from the above the composition of the dry substance in canned
lobster, except content of water, is not perceptibly different from
that of the fresh sample.
_Composition of the Dry Substance of Canned Crabs._--
Protein, 79.10 percent
Fat, 7.55 „
Ash, 9.68 „
=Shrimp= (_Crangon vulgaris_).--The shrimp is a highly valued article
of food, especially when it can be had fresh or properly canned. It
has been a practice to ship shrimps in bulk preserved with sulfites or
boric acid. This is a most reprehensible form of adulteration.
=Canned Shrimps.=--In the total dry edible portion, including solids in
the liquid contents of the can, are found:
Protein, 86.89 percent
Fat, 3.44 „
Crude ash, 8.84 „
In edible portion (flesh plus liquids):
Water, 70.80 percent
Water-free substance, 29.20 „
Protein, 25.38 „
Fat, 1.00 „
Crude ash, 2.58 „
Extractives, 0.24 „
Nitrogen, 4.06 „
Total edible portion, 100.00 „
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