Foods and Their Adulteration: Origin, Manufacture, and Composition of Food Products; Description of Common Adulterations, Food Standards, and National Food Laws and RegulationsWiley, Harvey Washington
Science
Foods and Their Adulteration: Origin, Manufacture, and Composition of Food Products; Description of Common Adulterations, Food Standards, and National Food Laws and Regulations
Wiley, Harvey Washington
Food; Food adulteration and inspection
=Effect of Long Cold Storage.=--It has been stated in semi-scientific
publications that the flesh of a mammoth incrusted in polar ice and
presumably thousands of years old has been found to be intact and
edible. This story, lacking corroboration, is hardly in harmony with
known facts. The author had the opportunity of examining a quarter of
beef which had been kept frozen in a warehouse for more than eleven
years. This meat was found to be wholly inedible. It had an unpleasant
and mummy-like odor, was light in fiber and color, having evidently
lost a large part of its weight, and was of a character wholly
unsuitable for consumption. This fact appears to show that eleven
years is too long a time in which to keep meat frozen. In fact, it
is scarcely worth while, from a practical point of view, to discuss
so long a limit. Only the necessary time for the preparation and
transportation of the meat is to be considered, and the sanitary laws
of the nation, states, and municipalities should undoubtedly regulate
the time of cold storage and see that all packages of meat exposed for
sale are plainly tagged as to the date of slaughter, in order that the
consumer may know.
In the consideration of the subject of preserved meats there are
excluded all meats delivered in the fresh state for consumption and
meats kept in cold storage in a fresh state during the necessary time
of preparation and transportation say, on the whole, from four to
eight weeks. Meats kept longer than this may generally be considered
as preserved meats, even when cold is the only factor active in their
preservation.
=Method of Preserving Meats.=--Aside from cold storage there are
four methods in vogue for preserving meats. These may be classified
as follows: (1) Curing with the aid of condimental substances; (2)
treatment with chemical and non-condimental preservatives; (3)
sterilization with heat; (4) drying. These all except the second may be
regarded as legitimate means of preserving meats.
=Curing with Condimental Substances.=--This method of preserving meat
has been practiced from the remotest antiquity. The chief condimental
substances employed are salt, sugar, vinegar, and wood smoke. With
the proper technical skill and knowledge of the process, meats can
be preserved in this way, and at the same time aromas and flavors
developed which are considered most agreeable by the consumer and which
give an additional value to the product. It is not to be claimed in
any case that condimental preservatives add anything to the nutritive
value of the product, except in so far as condiments themselves aid the
digestion by exciting in a perfectly proper way the activity of the
glands which secrete the digestive ferments.
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