Manises, or _Menasses,_ as written by Dr. Trumbull, the name of Block Island, means, literally, "Small island," just as an Englishman would describe it. The Narragansetts were its owners. Its earliest European occupant was Capt. Adriaen Block, who, having lost his vessel by burning at Manhattan, constructed here another which he called the "Onrust" or "Restless," in 1614. It was the first vessel constructed by Europeans in New York waters. In this vessel Block made extended surveys of Hudson's River, the Connecticut, the Sound, etc. Acquiring from his residence among them a knowledge of the Connecticut coast dialects, he wrote the names of tribes on the Hudson in that dialect. Reference is made to what is better known as the "Carte Figurative of 1614-16." There is no better evidence that this Figurative was from Block's chart than its presumed date and the orthographies of the names written on it. * * * * * Hudson's River on the West. Neversink, now so written as the name of the hills on the south side of the lower or Raritan Bay, is written _Neuversin_ by Van der Donck, _Neyswesinck_ by Van Tienhoven, _Newasons_ by Ogilby, 1671, and more generally in early records Naver, Neuver, Newe, and Naoshink. The original was no doubt the Lenape Newas-ink, "At the point, comer, or promontory." The root _Ne_ (English _Nâï_), means, "To come to a point," "To form a point," or, as rendered by Dr. Trumbull, "A corner, angle or point," _Nâïag._ Dr. Schoolcraft's translation, "Between waters," and Dr. O'Callaghan's "A stream between hills," are incorrect, as can be abundantly proved. (See Nyack.) Perth Amboy, at the mouth of Raritan River, is in part, from James, Earl of Perth, Lord High Chancellor of Scotland, who founded a settlement there, and part from _Amboy_ (English _Ambo_), meaning any rising or stage, a hill or any elevation. A writer in 1684 notes: "Where the town of Perth is now building is on a shelf of land rising twenty, thirty and forty feet." Smith (Hist. of New Jersey) wrote: "_Ambo_, in Indian, 'A point;'" but there is no such word as _Ambo,_ meaning "A point," in any Indian dialect. Heckewelder's interpretation: "_Ompoge,_ from which _Amboy_ is derived, and also _Emboli,_ means 'A bottle,' or a place resembling a bottle," is equally erroneous, although _Emboli_ may easily have been an Indian pronunciation of Amboy. The Indian deed of 1651 reads, "From the Raritan Point, called _Ompoge,_" which may be read from _Ompaé,_ Alg. generic, "Standing or upright," of which _Amboy,_ English, is a fair interpretation.