Footnote 38: Holdich, _op. cit._ _passim_, says that he must have had information from Persian sources, and that his route must have been laid beforehand. Sir Thomas’ opinion, as that of a soldier as well as a student, is entitled to much respect. Yet the instances of Genghiz Khan and other Oriental invaders are perhaps against any such necessity. Footnote 39: Freeman, _Historical Essays_, 1873, second series, pp. 192, 193. Footnote 40: Khojend was probably Alexandria _eschata_ or the furthest (East). Samarcand, of which the ancient name was Maracanda, is said by Baber to be a foundation of Alexander’s. Herat was Alexandria Ariana, and Merv probably Alexandria Margiana, while Cabul seems to have been Ortospana. Among the other Alexandrias which have retained their old importance are Alexandria Arachosiana or Candahar, Alexandria Caucasiana or Begram, and Alexandria Sogdiana or Hyderabad. See J. W. McCrindle, _Invasion of India by Alexander the Great_, 1896, pp. 36 _sqq._, and Droysen, _Histoire de l’Hellénisme_, (French edition), Paris, 1883, I. pp. 408 _sqq._ Footnote 41: Droysen, _op. cit._ p. 481. Footnote 42: See last note. The second marriage is dramatically described by Droysen, _op. cit._ I. pp. 638, 639. Cf. Arrian, _Anabasis_, Bk VII. c. 4; Plutarch, _Alexander_, c. LXX. Footnote 43: Arrian, _op. cit._ Bk VII. c. 6; Plutarch, _Alexander_, c. LXXI. Cf. Droysen, _op. cit._ I. p. 646. Footnote 44: Droysen, _op. cit._ I. p. 660. It was probably the fear of this mixture that caused the quarrel between him and his Macedonians at Opis. See Arrian, _op. cit._ Bk VII. c. 8; Plutarch, _Alexander_, c. LXXI. Footnote 45: Droysen, _op. cit._ II. p. 34. Mahaffy, _Alexander’s Empire_, 1887, p. 38, thinks that the Romans could never have withstood Alexander’s cavalry and siege artillery, although he notes that Livy patriotically decided otherwise. Footnote 46: Droysen, _op. cit._ I., pp. 186, 240, 333. There were 30,000 Greek mercenaries fighting on the side of Darius at Issus, and 4000 of these remained faithful till his death. _Ibid._ I. p. 368. Footnote 47: Plutarch, _Themistocles_, c. XXVI. Footnote 48: Plutarch, _Crassus_, c. XXXIII. The play acted was the _Bacchae_, and a Greek tragic actor, one Jason of Tralles, had been imported for the principal part. In the essay _De Alex. fortitudine_, I. c. 5, Plutarch says that no sooner had Alexander subdued Asia than Homer became a favourite reading-book, and Persian, Susianan, and Gedrosian boys learned to chant the tragedies of Sophocles and Euripides. Footnote 49: Droysen, _op. cit._ III. pp. 244, 255. Footnote 50: