Forerunners and rivals of Christianity : $b being studies in religious history from 330 B.C. to 330 A.D., Vol. 2 (of 2)Legge, Francis
Religion
Forerunners and rivals of Christianity : $b being studies in religious history from 330 B.C. to 330 A.D., Vol. 2 (of 2)
Legge, Francis
Christianity and other religions; Religions
Mother” (Cybele) and Attis, as well as of Mithras[929], and a similar
statement occurs so frequently on the funereal and other inscriptions of
their wives as to lead to the hypothesis that the ceremonies of the
Phrygian Goddess were the natural refuge of Mithras’ female
votaries[930]. So, too, the worship of the Alexandrian divinities, which
that of Mithras in some sort supplanted, and which, as being as popular
in the Greek world as the last-named was in the Latin, might have been
expected to be hostile to it, yet had relations with it not very easy to
be understood. In the assembly of the gods which in some of the
monuments crowns the arch set over the Tauroctony, the central place is
in one instance taken by Sarapis with the distinctive _modius_ on his
head instead of Zeus or Jupiter[931], the same priest often describes
himself as serving the altars of both gods, and “Zeus, Helios, Mithras,
Sarapis, unconquered one!” is invoked in one of those spells in the
Magic Papyri which contain fragments of ritual prayers or hymns[932].
Possibly it is for this reason, that the initiating priest in Apuleius’
story whom the grateful Lucius says he regards as his father, is named
Mithras, as if the initiate had been led to the Mysteries of Isis
through the worship of that god[933].
The same syncretistic tendency is particularly marked in the leaning of
the Mithraists to the worship of the gods of Eleusis. “Consecrated to
Liber [the Latin name of Dionysos] and the Eleusinian [goddesses],”
“Mystes of Ceres,” “priest” or “Chief Herdsman (_archibucolus_) of the
god Liber,” “hierophant of Father Liber and the Hecates,” “Consecrated
at Eleusis to the god Bacchus, Ceres, and Cora” are some of the
distinctions which the devotees of Mithras vaunt on their
tombstones[934]; while we learn that when the last survivors of the two
sacred families who had for centuries furnished priests to the
Eleusinian Mysteries died out, the Athenians sent for a priest of
Mithras from one of the neighbouring islands, and handed over to him the
care of the sacred rites[935]. It is even possible that the complaisance
of the Mithraists for other religions went further than has hitherto
been suspected. Not only does Justin Martyr after describing the
celebration of the Christian Eucharist say,
“Wherefore also the evil demons in mimicry have handed down that the
same thing should be done in the Mysteries of Mithras. For that
bread and a cup of water are in these mysteries set before the
initiate with certain speeches you either know or can learn[936]”;
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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