Forerunners and rivals of Christianity : $b being studies in religious history from 330 B.C. to 330 A.D., Vol. 2 (of 2)Legge, Francis
Religion
Forerunners and rivals of Christianity : $b being studies in religious history from 330 B.C. to 330 A.D., Vol. 2 (of 2)
Legge, Francis
Christianity and other religions; Religions
There remains to be said that _the Gospel according to the Egyptians_
mentioned above is the only apocryphal document that Hippolytus directly
attributes to the earlier Ophites or Naassenes. The sects derived from
them seem to have made use of a great number of others, among which we
find a _Book of Baruch_ otherwise unknown to us, _The Paraphrase of
Seth_, the _Gospels of Nicodemus_, _Philip_, and _Thomas_, together with
a _Gospel according to the Hebrews_, which may or may not have been
identical with the one which Hippolytus calls that according to the
Egyptians[271]. Of these, the first two are entirely lost, and the
documents which we possess bearing the name of the Gospel of Nicodemus
relate the events of the Crucifixion in much the same way as the
Canonical Gospels, but add thereto the visit of Jesus to Hades. A
_Gospel of Thomas_, which is also extant, contains only the account of
miracles performed by Jesus in His infancy, and therefore goes to
controvert the Ophite theory that Christos and Sophia only descended
upon Him at His baptism, and that up to that period He was as other men.
It is probable, however, that our copies of these Apocryphal Gospels
have been severely edited so as to expunge everything which savoured of
Gnostic teaching and may really have been partly or wholly the work of
Ophites[272]. Of the _Gospel of Philip_, Epiphanius has preserved a
short passage as follows:
“The Lord has revealed to me what the soul ought to say when she
goes to heaven, and how she ought to answer each of the Powers on
high. ‘I have known myself,’ she says, ‘and I have collected myself
from everywhere, and I have not begotten children for the Archon,
but I have rooted out his roots, and I have collected the scattered
members, and I know thee what thou art. For I, she says, am from
above[273].’ And thus he [_i.e._ Philip] says, she is set free. But
if, he says, she is found to have begotten a son, she is retained
below, until she can receive again her own children, and draw them
up to herself[274].”
Similar expressions are to be found in two of the documents of the
_Pistis Sophia_, and the abstinence from sexual intercourse which they
enjoin is direct and first-hand evidence rebutting the accusation of
promiscuous immorality which Epiphanius brings against the Ophites or
their related sects. Epiphanius attributes to the same sect of
“Gnostici” the use of a _Gospel of Perfection_ which “others”—the
context shows that he means certain Ophites—“are not ashamed to call the
Gospel of Eve.” Of this he also preserves a single passage as follows:
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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