Naassene is evidently derived from the Hebrew or Aramaean נחש “Serpent,” cf. Hipp. _op. cit._ Bk V. c. 6, p. 139, Cruice, and exactly corresponds to the Greek ὀφίτης and the Latin _serpentinus_ (Low Latin _serpentarius_). “Worshipper of the Serpent” seems to be the patristic gloss on the meaning of the word. Footnote 89: Giraud, _Ophitae_, c. 4, § 65, p. 89. The question really depends upon Hippolytus’ sources, as to which see last chapter, pp. 11, 12. Cf. De Faye, _Introduction_, etc., p. 41. Hippolytus’ Naassene author cannot be much earlier than 170 A.D. since he quotes from St John’s Gospel, and probably later than the work of Irenaeus written in 180-185. Yet the Ophite system described by Irenaeus is evidently not a primitive one and has been added to by his Latin translator. See n. 3, p. 47, _infra_. Footnote 90: Irenaeus, Bk I. c. 27, § 1, p. 226, Harvey, says that the Ophites are the same as the Sethians; Hippolytus, _op. cit._ Bk V. c. 11, p. 184, Cruice, that they are connected with the Peratae, the Sethians, and the system of Justinus. Epiphanius, _Haer._ XXXVII. c. 1, p. 494, Oehler, while deriving them from Nicolaus the Deacon, gives them a common origin with those whom he calls Gnostics simply, and identifies these last with the Borboriani, Coddiani, Stratiotici, Phibionitae, Zacchaei, and Barbelitae (see _Haer._ XXVI. c. 3). Footnote 91: Hippolytus, _op. cit._ Bk V. c. 11, p. 184, Cruice. Footnote 92: ἑαυτοὺς γνωστικοὺς ὀνομάζοντες. Hippolytus, _loc. cit._ Eusebius, _H. E._ Bk IV. c. 7, says that Carpocrates was the father of the heresy of the Gnostics and contemporary with Basilides. Footnote 93: Epiphanius, _Haer._ XXVI. c. 7, pp. 174, 176, Oehler. Footnote 94: Tertullian, _de Praescript. Haer._ c. XLII. Footnote 95: Josephus, _Antiq._ Bk XII. c. 3. Footnote 96: Ramsay, _Cities and Bishoprics of Phrygia_, II. pp. 667 _sqq._; _St Paul_, pp. 142 _sqq._; _Commentary on Galatians_, pp. 189 _sqq._ The fact that Timothy, the son of the Jewess Eunice by a Greek father, was not circumcised (see Acts xvi. 1) is quoted in support. Footnote 97: _E.g._ the Montanist, the most formidable of the heresies which attacked the primitive Church, apart from Gnosticism. Cf. also Galatians i. 6. Footnote 98: Mahaffy, _Greek World under Roman Sway_, p. 168. For the tyranny of the Armenians, see Plutarch, _Lucullus_, cc. XIV., XXI. Footnote 99: Mahaffy, _Gk. World_, p. 100. Footnote 100: Mahaffy, _ibid._ p. 225. Footnote 101: Ramsay, _Cities_, etc., I. p. 9. Footnote 102: Ramsay, _Cities_, etc., I. p. 87. Footnote 103: Ramsay, _ibid._ I. p. 92. Footnote 104: