Footnote 239: _Op. cit._ Bk VI. c. 31. Footnote 240: Unless we take the ten circles as including the three gates of Horaios, Ailoaios, and Astaphaios. In this case, Jaldabaoth and his first three sons would alone form the higher part of the planetary world. This is unlikely, but if it were so, there would be an additional reason for calling Jaldabaoth, as does Irenaeus, a “fourth number.” Theodore Bar Khôni, who wrote in the viiith century (see Chapter XIII, _infra_), in his notice of the Ophites gives the number of these heavens as ten. See Pognon, _Coupes de Khouabir_, Paris, 1898, p. 213. Footnote 241: ἐπὶ τοῦ κύκλου καὶ τοῦ κέντρου αὐτοῦ κατέγραψε, Origen, _οp. cit._ Bk VI. c. 25. Footnote 242: Origen says, _loc. cit._, that Leviathan is Hebrew for “Dragon.” Cf. Ps. civ. 26. Footnote 243: That is to say: Jaldabaoth; Iao, which is probably one of the many attempts to represent in Greek the Tetragrammaton יהוה called in English Jehovah; Ailoaios or Eloaios, the singular of the well-known plural name of God in Genesis אלהים “Elohim”; and Adonai, אדני, “the Lord,” which in many parts of the O.T. replaces the Tetragrammaton. Harvey, however, _op. cit._ p. 33, n. 3, thinks Iao may simply represent the initial of the name of Yahweh coupled with Alpha and Omega to show His eternal nature. He connects this with “I am the first and the last” of Isaiah xliv. 6, and Rev. i. 11. Yet the later Greeks called Dionysos Iao. See the (probably spurious) oracle of Apollo Clarius quoted by Macrobius, _Saturnalia_, Bk I. c. 18, II. 19 _sqq._ Footnote 244: Giraud, _op. cit._ p. 230. Footnote 245: πύλας ἀρχόντων αἰῶνι δεδεμένας: Origen, _cont. Cels._ Bk VI. c. 31. Perhaps we should read διδομένας, “Gates which belong to the age of the Archons,” _i.e._ while their rule lasts. Footnote 246: See the quotation from the Gospel of Philip later in this chapter, p. 79, _infra_. Footnote 247: This appears to be the sphere of the Sun to which the epithet μονότροπον “one-formed” is not inappropriate. Why he should be called δεσμὸν ἀβλεψίας “bond of blindness,” and λήθην ἀπερίσκεπτον “thoughtless oblivion,” does not appear. πρώτην δύναμιν πνεύματι προνοίας καὶ σοφίᾳ τηρουμένην “the first power preserved,” etc. coincides curiously with what is said in the _Pistis Sophia_ as to the Ship of the Sun and the “Virgin of Light.” Footnote 248: This seems to be the sphere of Saturn, the furthest or 7th reckoning from the earth and therefore according to the astronomy of the time the nearest to the upper heavens. Was the symbol of life the Egyptian ♀ or _ankh_? It was of course the jealous Jaldabaoth’s or Ialdabaoth’s wish that no human souls should penetrate beyond his realm. Footnote 249: