C Calyx—The outer perianth or floral envelope, usually green in color; sepals, collectively. Cambium—A thin-walled formative tissue between the bark and wood. The active growing portion of the tree. Carpel—A simple pistil or one member of a compound pistil. Capsule—A dry fruit composed of more than one carpel and splitting open at maturity. Catkin—An ament or spike of unisexual flowers. Chambered—Said of the pith when interrupted by hollow spaces at rather regular intervals. Ciliate—Fringed with hairs on the margin. Collateral—Accessory buds at the sides of auxiliary buds. Compound—Composed of two or more similar parts united in a whole. Conical—Cone-shaped. Conifers—A group of trees which usually produce their fruit in the form of a cone or modified cone. Coniferous—Cone-bearing. Corolla—The petals of a flower collectively. Cordate—Heart-shaped. Crenate—Rounded teeth. Crown—The upper mass of branches; also known as head. Cuneate—Wedge-shaped. D Deciduous—Falling off, usually at the close of the season. Defoliation—Removal of foliage. Dehiscent—Splitting open at maturity. Deliquescent—Said of the form of a tree with a broad spreading habit. The branches sub-divide until they apparently disappear. Deltoid—Triangular like Greek symbol for delta. Dentate—Toothed, usually with the teeth directed outwards. Diffuse-porous—Equal-pored. Said of wood when pores in a growth ring are equal in size. Dioecious—Unisexual, with the staminate and pistillate flowers on separate plants. Disseminated—Scattered, thrown, broadcast. Divergent—Pointing away; extending out. Said of buds which point away from the twigs. Downy—Covered with fine hairs. Drupe—A fleshy fruit with a pit or stone like a cherry. E Elliptical—Shaped like an ellipse with sloping ends. Elongated—Long, drawn out. Entire-margined—Margin smooth, not cut or toothed. Excurrent—Said of a tree with a continuous trunk and erect habit of growth. Exfoliation—Splitting or cleaving off of outer layers of bark. Exotic—Of foreign origin. Exudation—Oozing out of sap, resin, or other juice. F Fascicle—A close bundle or cluster. Fetid—Ill smelling. Fissures—Grooves, furrows, or channels as in the bark. Fluted—Grooved, corrugated, channeled. Follicle—A dry fruit produced from a simple pistil and dehiscing along one line of suture. Fruit—The ripened ovary of a flower. G Glabrate—Somewhat glabrous or becoming glabrate. Glabrous—Smooth, without hairs. Glandular—Bearing glands or gland-like. Glaucous—Covered with a bluish or whitish waxy coating; a bloom. Globose—Ball-like or nearly so. Globular—Ball-like.